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Ap World > unit 1 & unit 2 review > Flashcards

unit 1 & unit 2 review Flashcards

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AP® World History flashcards
1
Q

What were the core beliefs and practices of Confucianism

A

Based on relationships of respect, fiatal piety, forced on life rather than after death, education

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2
Q

What were the core beliefs and practices of Daoism

A

connect with nature, disengage with public life, simple living with limited government and education, focused on life rather than death

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3
Q

What were the core beliefs and practices of Buddhism

A

two types- Theravada (more traditional) and Mahayama (more for all people), if one followed eightfold path they would reach nirvana, challenged caste system

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4
Q

How did Confucianism influence China

A

Adopted a lot of government structure, views of woman, and education

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5
Q

How did Daoism influence China

A

very common religious practice commbined with Buddhism, incorperated into art and litarture

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6
Q

How did Buddhism influence China

A

architecture, commbined with Confucianism, one of the biggest religions practiced in East Asia.

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7
Q

How did the Song Dynasty Confucianism to maintain and justify their rule?

A

Affected views on woman (looked down upon), elevated education value, better bureaucratic system

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8
Q

How did the Song Dynasty Imperial bureaucracies to maintain and justify their rule?

A

Civil Service exam to make officals acctually compotant, 6 minatsries broken overseen by 1

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9
Q

How did the Song Dynasty Mandate of Heaven to maintain and justify their rule?

A

If something like a natraal disaster were to happen it would mean the gods were unhappy with current ruler and they would be overthrown

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10
Q

How did Chinese cultural traditions influence Japan?

A

Willingly took on many Chinese aspects (Buddhism, art and lit, education, medicine), Writing system was Chinese charcaters with phonectic symbols, women’s rights were more lax until about 1300

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11
Q

How did Chinese cultural traditions influence Korea?

A

Politically independent by paying tribute to China, adopted Confucius beliefs, very strict roles and rules for women, Buddhism adopted, used own phonetic alphabet (hangul)

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12
Q

How did Chinese cultural traditions influence Vietnam?

A

Religous beliefs, Civil Service exam, art and lit styles, heartland incorperated into Chinese state, payed tribute, used Mandate of Heaven, saw themselves less as a different country more as an extent of China

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13
Q

How did Silk & porcelain contribute to the expansion and commercialization of the Chinese economy?

A

Dominated the industry, made extreme wealth through trading it on Silk Road

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14
Q

How did the Grand Canal contribute to the expansion and commercialization of the Chinese economy?

A

Cheap movement of goods internally, peasants could now sell goods to pay the cash tax, engineered paper money

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15
Q

How did the Champa rice contribute to the expansion and commercialization of the Chinese economy?

A

Could be harvested 2 times per year, drought resistant, caused population boom

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16
Q

How did Steel & iron production contribute to the expansion and commercialization of the Chinese economy?

A

Could now produce armor and weapons, better military, allowed for movable type and GUNPOWDER

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17
Q

How did the peasants & artisans contribute to the expansion and commercialization of the Chinese economy?

A

Could sell goods around and incorporate different cultures into Chinese life, artisans expanded Chinese culture through art and literature

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18
Q

How did the spread of Buddhism influence societies in Asia and lead to a variety of practices and branches (Theravada)?

A

Theravada was more traditional and nirvana was harder to achieve

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19
Q

How did the spread of Buddhism influence societies in Asia and lead to a variety of practices and branches (Mahayana)?

A

Mahayana was thought to be “for the people”
could be achieved in one life time
others could “stay behind” and teach others how to achieve nirvana

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20
Q

What were the origins and core beliefs of Islam?

A

3rd Abrahamic faith
Mecca center of faith
Muhammad Ibn Adbulla founder
Messenger from Allah
Follows word of Quaran

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21
Q

How did military expansion contribute to the expansion of Islam in Afro-Eurasia?

A

Conquest from India to Spain, Turks convert to Islam

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22
Q

How did missionairies contribute to the expansion of Islam in Afro-Eurasia?

A

Would come to and from Mecca to spread religion, Mansa Musa bringing Islam back to Timbuktu

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23
Q

How did the merchants contribute to the expansion of Islam in Afro-Eurasia?

A

As people used the Sand Roads, ideas would be spread and picked up.

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24
Q

What factors contributed to the decline of the Abbasid Caliphate

A

Turkish pastorilis (started as slaved) grabbed power, split into sultanates ruled by the Turks by 1200, finally ended in 1258 due to Mongol invasion.

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25
Q

What were the effects of intellectual innovation in Dar al-Islam?
Advances in mathematics & medicine

A

algebra, drugs (pain killers?)

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26
Q

What were the effects of intellectual innovation in Dar al-Islam?
Transfer of knowledge

A

Irrigaion technology, crops, trading partners

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27
Q

How did Hinduism shape societies in South and Southeast Asia?

A

Affected architecture, incorperated with Buddhism

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28
Q

How did Buddhism shape societies in South and Southeast Asia?

A

Affected architecture (Ankor Wat) , incorperated with Hinduism

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29
Q

How did Islam shape societies in South and Southeast Asia?

A

Blended with Buddhism and Hinduism, all 3 kind of muddled

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30
Q

How did Srivijaya in South and Southeast Asia develop and maintain power?

A

Won dommonce over Stright of Malacca

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31
Q

How did the Sultanate of Malacca in South and Southeast Asia develop and maintain power?

A

Became big connection on commerce, China plates a part in its rise to power

32
Q

How did geography impact state-building in South and Southeast Asia?

A

Water ways allowed for more trade
Far enough from China it was harder to conqour
Could build own culture
Monsoons were predictable and could be planned around

33
Q

What were the scope and characteristics of trade networks in the Americas?

A

Less deeply woven than Afro-Eurasia
limited by climate change from North to South
Rain forest were also a limiting factor
From Mesoamerica to South America

34
Q

How and why did Aztec (Mexica) Empire expand in scope and power?

A

Largest and longest empire before Spanish takeover, built up army to build power, made strong alliances through marriage, slaves used as human labor to help with things for all people

35
Q

How and why did Inca Empire expand in scope and power?

A

Built up on conquest, very bureaucratic with strong government, roads for trade, conquered people did work for the state

36
Q

How did the spread of Islam influence Mali Empire

A

They controlled and expanded trade due to gold and salt, therefore also spread Islam along Sand Roads, stronger ties for trading partners

37
Q

How did the spread of Islam influence Swahili city-states

A

Also big in trade (coast), incorperated Islam and older African traditions, used as middle man because of same religion

38
Q

How and why did the Mali Empire develop and expand in scope and power?

A

Because of Islam, dominat in gold trade, wealth through salt and slave ecomomy

39
Q

How and why did the Swahili city-states develop and expand in scope and power?

A

Trading coast with Perisa, Arabia, etc, BIG middleman bringing outside culture in

40
Q

How did Islam influence Europe

A

Islam: less seen, more in Mediterranean where Islam flouished

41
Q

How did Judaism influence Europe

A

Judaism: Looked down upon more as Christianity rose,

42
Q

How did Christianity influence Europe

A

Christianity: biggest influence, church controlled government, gained wealth through church wealth

43
Q

What were the causes and consequences of political decentralization in Western Europe?
describe feudalism

A

Lords served monarchs and collected taxes, kept order, raised armies, and enforced law, based on contracts between lords and those under; land for protection

44
Q

How did the predominance of agriculture impact the social organization of Western Europe?
coerced labor (serfs):

A

Slaves, bound to master, NOT property though, allowed more hands in fields and boasted agriculture

45
Q

How did the predominance of agriculture impact the social organization of Western Europe?
free labor (peasants, artisans):

A

New professional guilds, more like unions, working for the needs or peasants, more people went to be artisans etc than working in the fields

46
Q

What factors contributed to the Decline of Byzantine Empire?

A

disease, the capture of Constantinople by the Ottomans

47
Q

What factors contributed to the Rise of Russia

A

Declined after capture of Constantinople

48
Q

How did the Mongols conquered existing civilizations and establish new governments (khanates) in Russia

A

They put their government there and kind of left them to be, except to take the taxes, khanate of the golden horde

49
Q

How did the Mongols conquered existing civilizations and establish new governments (khanates) in Persia (Abbasid Caliphate)

A

used a lot of their bureaucracic systems but mostly left the ruling in their hands, converted to Islam, Perisa almost fell after Mongols fell

50
Q

How did the Mongols conquered existing civilizations and establish new governments (khanates) in China – Yuan Dynasty

A

unified China (granted Mandate of Heaven), used a lot of their government practices, gave Chinese people high positions in government, ignored Civil Service Exam

51
Q

What impact did the Mongols’ have on conquered people? How did this affect the Mongols over time?

A

They took the people into their military, killed, or sent of specilized workers to other parts of the empire- over time muddled cultures, no string alliance to ruler, large powerful army

52
Q

How did the Mongols’ impact interregional trade networks? What are some examples of diffusion of culture and technology that took place as a result of Mongul rule?

A

They unified the SIlk road and therefore inhibited trade all over Afro-Eurasia: spread of navigational tools, mathematics an d med practiced from Islam, crops, movable type

53
Q

What factors contributed to the decline of the Mongol Empire?

A

The Black Plague, pushed out by rebellions in China, in Russia they built up power and pushed them out, in Persia

54
Q

How were states/empires of this time period similar and different in how they developed and maintained (or lost) power? Consider the following areas of comparison:
Systems of governing

A

-Bureaucracies one ruler vs factions
-Establishing legitimacy of rulers Mandate of Heaven vs something else (who grabs power first?)

55
Q

How were states/empires of this time period similar and different in how they developed and maintained (or lost) power? Consider the following areas of comparison:
Military organization/expansion

A

focused in military vs not

56
Q

The Silk Roads
Where? Which regions?
What goods were traded?
Environmental conditions and challenges?
Technological innovations that helped expand trade?
Key cities, states, empires?

A

East Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, India, Start of Europe
Silk, crops, normal trading things
Not really- East to West so no climite changes
Yokes, saddles, stirrups, use of horses and oxen, paper money=less weight
Romans and China held dominance on Silk Roads, flourished under Byzantine again,

57
Q

Indian Ocena Trade
Where? Which regions?
What goods were traded?
Environmental conditions and challenges?
Technological innovations that helped expand trade?
Key cities, states, empires?

A

India Ocean lands, coast of Eastern Africa to Ociana, including India, and Southeast Asia
more bulk goods because of ships power of animals, massive outflow of Chinese goods
Monsoon winds allowed for predictable paths ships could take, obviously water makes things dangerous
Ship building and things like the compass and astrolabe help for navigation
the Srivigaya held dominion over the Strait of Malacca and the kingdom, giving it upperhand in trade of the region, Malacca became big player in commerce, China helped the rise of Malacca

58
Q

Trans- Saharan Trade
Where? Which regions?
What goods were traded?
Environmental conditions and challenges?
Technological innovations that helped expand trade?
Key cities, states, empires?

A

North, West, and some parts of East Africa, along with some of the Middle East
Big gold, salt, and slave trade in area, along with cloth, and spread of Islam
Large environmental variation, a desert, so obvious difficulties and adaptaions needed to happen
Use of Arabia camel for longer distances in desert
North Africa civilzations such as Ghana, Mali, Timbuktu florised because of the trade and became a learning center

59
Q

What were the cultural and intellectual effects of expanding trade networks?
Spread of religion

A

Massive spread of Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism

60
Q

What were the cultural and intellectual effects of expanding trade networks?
Spread of technology

A

Navigational tools, algebra, medicine practices,

61
Q

What were the cultural and intellectual effects of expanding trade networks?
Spread of ideas

A

views of women to Korea, views of woman and class in Africa writing systems

62
Q

What were the cultural and intellectual effects of expanding trade networks?
Interactions between different regions
Famous Travelers

A

Ibn Battuta, Marco Polo

63
Q

What were the environmental effects of expanding trade networks?
Spread of diseases

A

Black Plague

64
Q

What were the environmental effects of expanding trade networks?
Spread of crops

A

sugarcane, rice, banana, lemons, Champa rice

65
Q

How were the various trade networks similar and different in the following areas?
Technological innovations and commercial practices

A

Ship tech vs beast of burden tech

66
Q

How were the various trade networks similar and different in the following areas?
Role of states and trading cities

A

One/ a few cities that control area vs hubs for culture to come and go

67
Q

How were the various trade networks similar and different in the following areas?
Demand for goods

A

large demand for one particular good (silk, gold, salt, etc)

68
Q

How were the various trade networks similar and different in the following areas?
Cultural, technological, and biological diffusion

A

more or less connected to rest of the world

69
Q

How were the various trade networks similar and different in the following areas?
Factors that contributed to the rise and/or decline of trade

A

Internal (rebellion, fuedlism) vs external (conquest, disease)

70
Q

How did the trade networks in the Americas compare with those of Afro-Eurasia?

A

more North- South: harder climate issues, less deeply woven, internal trade more than meeting with other parts of Americas, more slow spread,
Many different routes over many continents, faster and earlier spread from one place to another, more “unified”

71
Q

How were states/empires of this time period similar and different in how they developed and maintained (or lost) power? Consider the following areas of comparison:
Innovations in technology

A

adopted other places tech vs made their own

72
Q

How were states/empires of this time period similar and different in how they developed and maintained (or lost) power? Consider the following areas of comparison:
Promotion of trade and economic development

A

flourished under trade routes (based in location?)

73
Q

How were states/empires of this time period similar and different in how they developed and maintained (or lost) power? Consider the following areas of comparison:
Social structures

A

Class and gender hierarchies larger sense of equality in classes and womans rights or no (and effect)

74
Q

How were states/empires of this time period similar and different in how they developed and maintained (or lost) power? Consider the following areas of comparison:
Cultural traditions

A

Belief systems united in one religion vs blend of religions vs many seprate religions
Architecture and infrastructure diffusion of other areas in architecture?

75
Q

How were states/empires of this time period similar and different in how they developed and maintained (or lost) power? Consider the following areas of comparison:
Continuing traditions from previous states/civilizations

A

new sense of tradition vs connection to past culture (effect?)

Ap World (15 decks)

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