european expansion Flashcards
What were the key features of maritime expansion before 1450?
Occurred globally, but Iberian expeditions (Portugal and Spain) stand out.
Which Iberian expeditions stood out during this period?
Marked the beginning of a maritime revolution shaping world history.
What were the motivations for Iberian overseas expansion?
Economic, religious, and political motives.
Advancements in maritime and military technologies crucial.
- Who was Prince Henry the Navigator, and what role did he play in Portuguese exploration?
Led the attack on Ceuta in 1415.
Devoted life to exploration, mixed motives including religion, contact with Christian rulers, and profit.
Founded a navigation research center at Sagres, promoting Atlantic exploration
What were some of the exploration techniques developed by the Portuguese?
Improved navigational instruments (compass, astrolabe) from China and the Islamic world.
Developed the caravel, a versatile ship suitable for long-distance exploration.
What were the key achievements of Portuguese exploration, including dates and explorers?
Explored African coast due to the capture of Ceuta.
Overcame navigational challenges and established trade routes.
Rounded the southern tip of Africa in 1488 (Bartolomeu Dias) and reached India in 1498 (Vasco da Gama).
Accidental discovery of Brazil in 1500.
- Describe Christopher Columbus’s voyages and his perspective on the route he discovered.
Four voyages between 1492-1504.
Discovered the Americas, insisted he found a shortcut to the Indian Ocean.
Spain and Portugal divided the world through the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494.
What was the significance of the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494?
How did Spain and Portugal divide the newly discovered lands?
Discovery of the Pacific Ocean by Vasco Núñez de Balboa in 1513.
Ferdinand Magellan’s expedition (1519) circumvented the globe, formally acknowledged the division of influence.
