Unit 1 Topic 1 Flashcards
What can the structure of DNA be described as?
Double stranded helix
What are the building blocks of DNA called?
Nucleotides
What are nucleotides made up of?
A phosphate
A deoxyribose sugar
A base
What are the four bases called?
Adenine
Thymine
Guanine
Cytosine
What are the complimentary base pairs?
Adenine with Thymine
Guanine with Cytosine
How do they strands run compared to each other and what can it be defined as?
They run in opposite directions to each other. This is called two antiparallel strands
What organisms lack a true membrane-bound nucleus?
Prokaryotes
Where are prokaryotes DNA found?
In the cytoplasm
How is DNA stored in prokaryotes?
prokaryotes have large circular chromosomes and also contain smaller rings of DNA called plasmids
What organisms contain a true membrane-bound organism?
Eukaryotes
Where is DNA found in eukaryotes?
in the nucleus
Give an example of a prokaryote
Bacteria
Give examples of eukaryotes
animals, plants and fungi
What is strange about yeast cells?
They are eukaryotes but also contain plasmids
How is DNA packaged in eukaryotes?
DNA is found tightly coiled into linear chromosomes. The DNA is tightly coiled around proteins called histones as it is too long if completely unravelled. DNA is also found within mitochondria and chloroplasts where it forms circular chromosomes
