Unit 1: The Periodontium and Microscopic Anatomy Flashcards
The functional system of tissues that surrounds the teeth and attaches them to bone
The periodontium
What is included in the periodontium?
Gingiva
Cementum
Periodontal ligament
Alveolar bone
Label pink
Gingiva
Label orange
Cementum
Label blue
Periodontal ligament
Label brown
Alveolar bone
Covers the cervial portions of the teeth and the alveolar process of the jaw
Gingiva
Thin layer of tissue covering the root
Cementum
Fibers that surround the root of the tooth, attach to the bone of the socket and cementum
Periodontal ligament
Surrounds the root giving it support and protection
Alveolar bone
Divisions of the gingiva
Free gingiva
Attached gingiva
Interdental gingiva
Gingival sulcus
Label 1
Free gingival line
Label 2
Muccogingival junction
Label 3
Gingival margin
Label 4
Free gingiva
Label 5
Attached gingiva
Label 6
Alveolar mucosa
What type of gingiva is unattached?
Free gingiva
What type of gingiva is tightly connected to the cementum on the cervical-third of the root and to the periosteum of the alveolar bone?
Attached gingiva
Where is the attached gingiva widest?
Insicor and molar region
Where is the attached gingiva narrowest?
Premolar region
Is the attached gingiva sometimes stippled even in healthy gums?
Yes
Does the attached gingiva vary in colour/pigmentation?
Yes
Colour of healthy gingiva?
Pink
Contour of healthy gingiva?
Marginal, meets at the tooth, slightly rounded
Papilla are pointed, filled the space between the teeth
Consistancy of healthy gingiva?
Firm
Texture of healthy gingiva?
Smooth and/or stippled
Margins of healthy gingiva?
Slightly coronal to the CEJ
Bleeding index of healthy gingiva?
No bleeding on probing
What fills the embrausers between teeth and includes a facial and lingual papillae and COL?
Interdental gingiva
What is the valley-like depression/concavity in the interdental gingiva that lies apical to the contact area of two adjacent teeth?
COL
What is the clinically normal measurement for the gingival sulcus?
1-3mm
What is the layer of connective tissue covering the root, attaching it to the bone of the tooth socket?
Periodontal ligament
What does the periodontal ligament do?
Supports the tooth and absorbs mechanical load
Tissues of the periodontal ligament contain:
Fibroblasts
Cementoblasts
Osteoblasts
What does cementum do?
Protects the root from resorption during ortho
Gives attachment to the periodontal ligament
Protects the dentin and seals the end of the dentinal tubules
What is the term for excessive cementum being deposited in the apical third of the root?
Hypercementosis
Label 1
Alveolar bone proper
Label 2
Cortical bone
Label 3
Cancellous bone
What does alveolar bone proper do?
Lines the tooth socket
What does cortical bone do?
Forms the wall of the maxilla and mandible
What does cancellous bone do?
Fills the interior portion of the alveolar process
Innervation of the maxillary alveolar gingiva
Superior alveolar nerves
Infraorbital
Greater palatine
Nasopalatine
Innervation of the mandibular alveolar gingiva
Mental
Buccal
Supralingual branch of the lingual nerve
Innervation of the maxillary teeth and periodontal ligaments
Superior alveolar
Innervation of the mandibular teeth and periodontal ligaments
Inferior alveolar
Lymphatic system: submandibular nodes drain the
Periodontal tissues
Lymphatic system: deep cervial nodes drain the
Palatal gingiva of the maxilla
Lymphatic system: submental nodes drain the
Gingiva in the region of the mandibular incisors
Lymphatic system: jugulodiagastric nodes drain the gingiva in the
3rd molar region
What tissue makes up the outer surface of the body and lines body cavities?
Epithelial tissue
What tissue filles spaces between tissues and organs?
Connective tissue
What is the extracellular matrix of the epithelial tissue?
Basal lamina
Layers of epithelial tissue
Outermost layer - keratinized
Inner layers - non-keratinized
Basal cells
Basal lamina
What are epithelial cells that attach to one another by special cell junctions increasing strength of the tissue?
Cell junctions
What is an epithelial cell to cell connection calls?
Desmosome
What is epithelial cell to basal lamina junction called?
Hemidesmosome
Hemidesmosomes attach
Internal basal lamina to enamel surface
External basal lamina to connective tissue
These epithelial cells join the gingiva to the surface at the base of the suclus
Junctional epithelium
Label 1
Sucular epithelium
Label 2
Junctional epithelium
Label 3
Oral epithelium
Does healthy junctional epithelium have a smooth surface with the connective tissue?
Yes
The ends of the periodontal ligament fibers that are emedded in the alveolar bone and the cementum are known as
Sharpey’s Fibers
