Unit 1: The Global Tapestry (c. 1200 to c. 1450) Flashcards
Abbasid Caliphate
750 to 1258, Middle East, N. Africa, Spain, Islamic Empire, Golden Age of Dar-Al Islam, known for cultural, economic, and scientific advancements, preserved and translated ancient greek/roman texts, The Abbasid Caliphate (750-1258) was a key Islamic empire that fostered cultural, scientific, and economic advancements during the Golden Age of Dar-al-Islam, promoting intellectual exchange, preserving ancient texts, and establishing expansive trade networks that connected Afro-Eurasia. State/Empire Building, Religion/Belief Systems, Trade networks
Al-Andalus
711CE - 1492, Iberian Peninsula (South Western Europe, Modern Day Spain and Portugal), Al-Andalus was Muslim ruled territories in the Iberian Peninsula. It’s known for it’s cultural, scientific, and intellectual success that would influence both European and Islamic civilizations. Influenced and impacted Europe and the Islamic world by it’s cultural exchange,intellectual growth, tolarance and cultural impact. “Philosophy Developments
Syncreticism
Culture Diffusion”
Byzantine Empire
330 to 1453 AD, centered in Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul), its long-lasting influence on Eastern Orthodox Christianity, preservation of Greco-Roman culture, and its role as a bulwark against invaders in the Middle Ages, the continuation of the Roman Empire centered in Constantinople, surviving the fall of the Western Roman Empire and lasting until the Ottoman conquest in 1453, administrative and martial in character. Religion: Orthodox Christinianity
Confucianism
c. 1200-1450, ancient China, Confucianism is a system of ethical and philosophical teachings, originating in ancient China, that emphasizes social harmony, proper conduct, and the importance of relationships, particularly within the family and community, Confucianism profoundly shaped ancient Chinese society by emphasizing moral governance, education, family structure, and ethical conduct, influencing political systems, social hierarchies, and cultural practices for centuries, The Analects, Mandate of Heaven, social order, ethical behavior
Crusades
1200–1450, Europe and Middle East A series of religious wars launched by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land (especially Jerusalem) from Muslim rule. They began in 1096 and continued in various waves. Sparked by religious zeal, papal power, and a desire for land, wealth, and adventure Economic Systems
Cultural Syncretism
C. 1200-1450 Islamic Spain, East Africa, Southeast Asia, Mongol Empire, South Asia The blending or merging of different culture, religions, or ideals to create something new. Can be art, language, technology, etc. Culture syncretism lead to the connections between regions from things such as expansion of trade networks (I.e. Silk Road), rise of large, multi ethnic empires (I.e. Song Dynasty and Mongol Empire), and the spread of major religions (I.e. Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism). Cultural developments and interactions, governance, humans and environment, economic systems.
Dar al-Islam
7th century and on middle east, north africa, spain, parts of asia Means “house of islam”- areas where islam was practiced and where muslim rulers were in control. it connected different regions through religions and trade helped spread ideas, goods, and culture across a large area. encouraged learning and trade between places like africa, the middle east, and asia religion, trade, culture, government
Decentralization
During Medieval Period Europe, South Asia, Africa, Japan and some parts Southeast Asia and Mesoamerica Decentralization is where power and making decisions is being distributed from a central authority to regional leaders or political units. Decentralization occured in many different places and had different impacts but it mostly had a negative impact. For instance, decntralization led to weak central control, interal conflict and fragmentation which happens when a central government loses control. Governance, Fragmentation, Federalism
Decline of Abbasid Caliphate
Late 8th Century took place in the region of modern-day Iraq The decline of Abbasid Caliphate was significant because it ended the golden age of islamic culture this would bring way for new empires and dynasties The decline of Abbasid Caliphate by internal conflicts, External invasions , and the establiment of independemt dynasties led to the downfall of the empire. This caused the end of the golden age of islamic culture Internal conflics,External invasions,Economic hardships leds to the downfaal of this empire
Delhi Sultanate
1206 - 1526 CE Indian Subcontinent The Delhi Sultanate was a collection of Muslim dynasties that governed large parts of the Indian subcontinent from late 12th to early 16th century. It would mark the beginning of Muslim rule in India, shaping the cultural, religious, and political development during it’s time. The rise of the Delhi Sultante introduced cultural and religous changes to India such as the Sharia Law. The Delhi Sultanate established Muslim rule in India, introducing islamic governance and culture. It would help spread Islam, helping to transform the economy with trades and currency systems. It would lay the foundation for empires like the Mughal Empire. “Cultural Diffusion
Economic Growth
Political Developments
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Diaspora
1200–1450 Global Diaspora refers to the dispersion of a group of people from their homeland, often due to conflict, trade, or exploration, leading to the spread of cultural, religious, and social influences. Diasporas, like those of Jews, Muslims, and others, facilitated the exchange of ideas, goods, and cultures, contributing to the global interconnectedness of the period. Migration, cultural exchange, trade, and the spread of religion.
feudal Japan
1185-1868 Japan A time when the samurai were the warriors of a decentralized, hierarchical society in which land ownership and military power were concentrated in the hands of regional lords (daimyo), who were in charge of upholding civil order and providing military support. resulted in a period of localized wars and ultimately the Tokugawa Shogunate as a result of the decline of central authority and the establishment of strong regional clans. hierarchical society, daimyo, millitary service, decentralisation,
Feudalism
Feudalism between the 9th and 15th centuries Western Europe: France, England, Roman Empire, etc. Feudalism, a social and political system, was significant for establishing a hierarchical structure based on land ownership and loyalty, providing a framework for order and stability in post-Roman Europe, and influencing social relationships, military organization, and the development of political institutions led to decentralized power, a rigid social hierarchy, and localized economies, ultimately contributing to the decline of centralized monarchies and paving the way for new political and economic structures Feudalism, a social and economic system, centered on themes of loyalty, land ownership, military service, and a hierarchical structure where lords granted land to vassals in exchange for military service and loyalty.
Filial Piety
Before 5th century China, Japan, and Korea Respect, obedience, and care for one’s parents and ancestors, serving as a foundation for individual moral conduct and social harmony. Emphasizes respect, obedience, and care for parents and ancestors, influencing family dynamics, social structures, and individual behavior, with both positive and negative potential effects. Family harmony, reciprocal obligations, importance of elders, physical care, love, service, respect, and obedience.
Millet System
13th to 20th centuries Ottoman empire The Ottoman Empire’s practice of granting religious minorities (non-Muslims) autonomy in managing their own affairs, including setting laws and collecting taxes, under the supervision of their religious leaders, within the framework of the broader empire. A framework where religious communities (millets), including Christians and Jews, were granted autonomy to manage their internal affairs, including legal disputes, tax collection, and education, under the overall authority of the Ottoman government. Religious autonomy, imperial toleration, maintaining order and control, religious leaders, self-governance, nationalism and decline, and legacy.
Neo-Confucianism
Developed during 960-1279 CE(Song Dynasty) but its roots are formed 618-907 CE (Tang Dynasty) China in the begining but spred to Korea, Japan, and viatnam Neo-Confucianism was a chinease philosophy influenced by Confusianism Neo-Confucianism influenced East asian by shaping its social structure,Governace, and education it also impacted self-cultivation and ethical conduct self-cultivation, ethical behavior, and the importance of Li and Qi in understanding the universe and achieving a harmonious society.
renaissance
Began in 14 Century, spread in 15-16 Century Florence, Italy and spread across Europe A cultural, artistic and intellectual revival which focused on humanism and classical Greco-Roman’s knowledge rediscovery. Led to huge advancements in art, science and literature. The printing press was invented which helped spread resnaissance ideas. Humanism
Roman Catholic Church
1200-1450 Europe The dominant religious and political institution in Western Europe. It held great power over kings and everyday life through religious doctrine, education, and land ownership. Unified much of Europe through a common faith, Latin language, and church traditions. Belief Systems
Serfdom
during late antiquity and the Early Middle Ages in Europe, lasting in some countries until the mid-19th century Western Europe the state of being a serf or feudal laborer. economic stagnation, social inequality, and limited opportunities for serfs, while concentrating wealth and power in the hands of the aristocracy forced labor, land ownership, and limited personal liberties, where serfs were bound to the land, obligated to work for the landlord, and lacked freedom of movement or occupation without permission
Song Dynasty
c. 960-1279 China The Song Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty that ruled from 960 to 1279 CE, known for its economic prosperity, technological advancements, and cultural flourishing. This period is marked by significant developments in trade, governance, and art, which laid the groundwork for modern Chinese civilization. “
The Song Dynasty stressed imperial rule legitimized by merit-based bureaucracy at the center. During the same period, new technologies like the use of gunpowder, the technology of movable type printing, and the magnetic compass originated, spreading to other parts of the world through trade and cultural diffusion. The economy became commercialized, and the population expanded significantly, as well as China becoming one of the most urbanized parts of the globe.” State/Empire Building - The Song Dynasty strengthened imperial rule through centralized bureaucracy and Confucian-based civil service.
