9 Flashcards
Climate Change
1900-present Globe Refers to significant and lasting alterations in global weather patterns and temperatures, primarily driven by human activities such as fossil fuel burning, deforestation, and industrial processes. Climate change can be linked to population migrations as communities sought more favorable conditions for farming and living. Droughts and fluctuating rainfall patterns during this time could have contributed to social unrest and conflicts over resources among different groups. Globalization, Environmental impacts/changes
Green Revolution
between the late 1940s and the 1960s Latin America, Asia, and Africa, including Mexico, India, and Pakistan a series of agricultural innovations from the late 1940s to the 1960s which dramatically increased the amount of food that could be produced by humanity “The Green Revolution had profound
social implications for rural
communities,
particularly regarding economic
disparities” “increasing food production
worldwide, especially in
developing countries”
LGBTQ+ Rights
1970-PRESENT Middle East, Asia, Africa, Latin American, Western Europe, United States LGBTQ+ rights refer to the civil rights and social justice movements advocating for the equality, recognition, and legal protections of individuals who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer (or Questioning), and other sexual and gender minorities. Historically, same-sex relationships were often criminalized, and gender familiarity was seen as deviant or immoral. In the 20th century, particularly after World War II, there was growing visibility and organization among LGBTQ+ individuals who sought social acceptance and legal rights. Political systems, social structures, economic systems, cultural developments and interactions, technology and innovation
Rise of China
20th Century China The tranformation of China’s Economic and political power under deng Xiaoping in whihc china experienced rapid industrialization, urbanization, and global trade expansion. China’s Rise reshaped Global trade and competition against nations such as the U.S. to gain global dominance. Created both tension and cooperation amongst other nations.(Belt and road initiative led to chinas increased influence amongst areas such as Europe and Africa). global governance , political tensions, innovation
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
December 10th 1948 Paris The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a milestone document adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948, outlining fundamental human rights that are to be universally protected. The universal declaration of human rights was emerged after World War II. Some effects were it served as a cornerstone for international human rights law Fundamental rights and freedoms for all, including the right to life, liberty, security, equality, freedom of thought and expression, and freedom from discrimination, regardless of race, religion, or any other status
World Health Organization
1948 Geneva, Switzerland Specialized agency of the United Nations established in 1948, focused on international cooperation to improve public health, and promoting the highest possible level of health for all people It is a agency that helps people medically after WWII it is associated with the United Nations. It promotes global health initiatives, responding to pandemics, and influencing public health policies, ultimately contributing to increased life expectancy and improved global health outcomes Promoting global health initiatives, responding to pandemics, and influencing public health policies, ultimately contributing to increased life expectancy and improved global health outcomes.
World Trade Organization
January 1st 1995 Marrakesh, Morocco An international organization established in 1995 to regulate and facilitate international trade between nations by providing a framework for negotiating trade agreements and resolving disputes. The organization allowed facilitating trade, mediating disputes, and settinf rulesfor international commerce Enforcing global trade rules, facilitating trade negotiations, resolving trade disputes, and promoting transparency and predictability in international trade
World Bank
1944 An international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low and middle-income countries for development projects aimed at reducing poverty and promoting sustainable economic growth. Consists of two main institutions, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) and the International Development Association (IDA), which focuses on the poorest countries. Provided financial assistance for a wide range of development projects, including health care, education and agriculture. Emphasizes the importance of reducing pverty through sustainable economic growth. Decisions made by the World Bank can significantly influence national policies in recipient countries, often leading to debates about sovereignty and economic dependency.
Refugees
19th-21st century Persecuted Areas People who flee their homes due to conflict , or persecutions. Seeking international asylum , COnflicts such as ww2 and Germanies division sought Many Refugees from political powers. Created humanitarian issues for international countries and organizations. Strain Resources and cause politcal tension in wealthier nations . (Refugees often contribute to cultural and ecnomic host societies). Humanitarian resolutions, governance persecution, asylum seeking
nafta
1994–2020 North America NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) was a trade agreement between the U.S., Canada, and Mexico aimed at reducing trade barriers and increasing economic cooperation. NAFTA significantly boosted trade among the three countries, though it also faced criticism for causing job losses in certain sectors and contributing to economic inequality. NAFTA promoted economic integration and trade between North American countries.
Multinational Corporations
late 19th and early 20th centuries MNCs operate globally, with headquarters typically in developed nations like the United States, Germany, and Japan, while they often have operations in developing countries. Multinational corporations are companies that own or control production and assets in multiple countries. They are significant because they drive global trade, investment, and economic integration, often influencing local economies and politics in the regions they operate. MNCs grew due to advances in technology, transportation, and trade. While they have contributed to economic growth and job creation, they have also led to concerns about economic exploitation, environmental degradation, and the undermining of local cultures. MNCs highlight themes of globalization, corporate power, and economic inequality, as well as the tension between economic development and exploitation in different parts of the world.
Migration
19th to 20th century Europe, Americas, Africa, Asia, Middle East, Oceania Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another, either temporarily or permanently. It can occur within a country or across international borders. Migration has been a constant throughout history, with people moving for reasons ranging from the search for better opportunities to escaping persecution. In the early stages of human history, migration was primarily driven by the need for resources and the search for new territories. Political Systems, social structures, economic systems, cultural developments and interactions, technology and innovation
International Monetary Fund
1944 Bretton wood confrence works to achieve sustainable growth and prosperity for all of its 191 member countries foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment, and sustainable economic growth, ultimately aiming to reduce poverty worldwide global economic integration, international relations, and economic development,
International Court of Justice
Established 1945 The Hague, Netherlands The International Court of Justice (ICJ) is the principal judicial body of the United Nations, responsible for settling disputes between states and giving advisory opinions on international legal matters. The ICJ has played a role in resolving international conflicts and promoting global legal standards, though it has faced challenges in enforcement and political influence. International Relations
European Union (EU)
mid - 1980s Europe The European Union (EU) plays a significant role in globalization by promoting free trade, encouraging economic integration, and setting global standards through its trade policies and single market, etc The EU, born from post-war efforts to integrate European economies, is both a product and an agent of globalization, playing a key role in promoting trade liberalization and acting as a major player in the global trading scene Global Promotion
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs)
19th century-present Globe Played a keyrole in disater relief and promoting human rights to support underdeveloped regions, raise global awareness and sometimes challenge authority Non profit, self governing organizations that adress social, envionrmental and political issues.(Can range from local community groups, or organizations such as the Red cross). global peace, resolution of global tensions
Paris Climate Agreement
2015 U.N. A 2015 Gloabl treaty in which the majority of the countries around the globe commited to reducing Greenhouse Gas emissions, and increasing Renewable energy use. Signified a Major step In international Cooperation on climate change global cooperation, peace treaties, resolutions between nations
Populism
late 20th century western world A Political Approach to Represent the Common people by Right or left political parties that oftened used nationalist ideologies.Regions such as the Americas used these regions to gain political power in their governemnt. “Populism has wrought political convulsions, undermining traditional parties and institutions. It has a tendency to battle globalization, immigration, and elite-controlled systems. In some cases, it has empowered authoritarian tendencies and undermined democratic norms.
“ globalization, political tensions,
IMF
1944 Bretton Woods Conference an international organization founded in 1944 to promote global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, and reduce poverty, often acting as a global lender of last resort aiming to stabilize the global monetary system and promote economic cooperation after World War II and the Great Depression promoting global monetary cooperation, financial stability, and economic growth
Multinational Corporations
late 19th and early 20th centuries MNCs operate globally, with headquarters typically in developed nations like the United States, Germany, and Japan, while they often have operations in developing countries. Multinational corporations are companies that own or control production and assets in multiple countries. They are significant because they drive global trade, investment, and economic integration, often influencing local economies and politics in the regions they operate. MNCs grew due to advances in technology, transportation, and trade. While they have contributed to economic growth and job creation, they have also led to concerns about economic exploitation, environmental degradation, and the undermining of local cultures. MNCs highlight themes of globalization, corporate power, and economic inequality, as well as the tension between economic development and exploitation in different parts of the world.
