4 Flashcards
“God, Glory, and Gold”
1450-1750 Europe especially Spain and Portugal, but also later England, France, and the Netherlands. Linked to voyages to the Americas, Africa, and Asia. God, Glory, Gold’ captures the main motivations for European exploration: spreading Christianity, gaining prestige, and seeking wealth. These factors drove explorers to venture into new territories, shaping American history. This phrase reflect the reasons behind European colonization and expansion. It led to the spread of Christianity, the building of empires, increased global trade, exploitation of native peoples and the beginning of trans-atlantic slave trade. Cultural diffusion and religion, Global trade and wealth, Empire building, Social hiearchies and slavery, advances in navigation and ships
ana nzinga resistance
18th–19th centuries Central Africa, primarily in the regions of Ndongo and Matamba The political, diplomatic, and military efforts led by Queen Ana Nzinga of Ndongo and Matamba in the 17th century to oppose Portuguese colonization and the transatlantic slave trade in Central Africa. In the 1600s, the Portuguese were moving inland from their trading posts in Africa to capture more slaves for their colonies. Queen Ana Nzinga first tried to make peace by becoming Christian and making deals with the Portuguese, but it didn’t work, so she decided to fight back. After being pushed out of her original kingdom, Ndongo, she set up a new kingdom in Matamba. This made it harder for the Portuguese to control the area and showed that women could be strong leaders in both politics and war. Resistance to Imperialism and Colonialism, Slavery and the Atlantic Slave Trade and Gender Roles in Leadership and Society.
Atlantic Slave Trade
16th-19th Century Africa A brutal system of Human trafficking that transported millions of enslaved Africans to America Trade was mostly done by Europeans looking for cheap labor for cash crops. Trade networks, Slavery
Caravel
15th century Portugal A small, highly maneuverable sailing ship devolped by the Portuguese Porutgal was investing time in maritime exploration Innovation, Exploration
Casta System
17th-19th centuries It was mostly used in Spanish America, particularly in regions like New Spain (Mexico) and Peru. The Casta system classified people based on their racial ancestry, with Spaniards at the top and Indigenous and African people at the bottom. It was significant because it maintained colonial power, creating a rigid social hierarchy and entrenching racial inequality that limited opportunities for non-Europeans. The system arose from the mixing of European, Indigenous, and African populations due to colonization and the slave trade. It led to deep social and economic divisions, which persisted long after the colonial period. The Casta system focused on racial identity, social inequality, and the lasting impact of colonialism on Latin American society.
causes of transoceanic interconnections
15th century Europe Began in Europe where country like Portugal and Spain explored in martime travel to Africa and Asia. New navigation technology and ship building. Martime trade routes lead to transoceanic voyages Globalization, trade, exchange
Columbian Exchange
1492-1800 the Americas and Europe/Africa The movement of plants, animals, foods, diseases, and people between the Americas, Europe, and Africa after Columbus’s voyages The Columbian Exchange connected the Americas, Europe, and Africa after Columbus’s voyages. It brought new foods, animals, and diseases, changing life for people everywhere. industrialization, decolonization, revolution. trade networks, migration
Conquistador
During the 15th to 17th centuries Conquistadors were primarily active in the Americas, especially in regions like present-day Mexico, Peru, and the Caribbean. Conquistadors were Spanish or Portuguese adventurers who sought to conquer new territories for their empires. They played a crucial role in the colonization of the Americas, leading to the downfall of powerful Indigenous civilizations like the Aztecs and Incas. Their conquests marked the beginning of European dominance in the Western Hemisphere. Driven by the pursuit of wealth, land, and religious conversion, conquistadors decimated Indigenous populations through warfare, disease, and forced labor. This resulted in the establishment of European colonies and the exploitation of Indigenous peoples. The era of the conquistadors highlights imperialism, colonialism, and the devastating effects of European expansion on Indigenous cultures. It also reflects the tension between cultural exchange and violence during the period of exploration.
Dutch East India Company
1602 Netherlands, East Indies A trading company made by the Netherlands to conduct trade within East Indies and became one of the first multinational coporations. Which plays a crucial role that allows Dutch Dominance in maritime trade Was granted a monopoly in East Indies by the Dutch Goverment. Establishes trading post and colonies in southeast Asia which became key areas for spice production. Trade networks
Joint-Stock Companies
17th-18th centuries Europe Business entities where people would make investents or losses with bought or owned stocks. Funding empires which allowed for exploration, colonies, more resources. Economy
Maritime Empires
1450-1750 ocean Maritime empires were empires across oceans and were primarily sea side countries Facilitated cultural exchange trade, technology
Maritime Technology
1450-1750 europe Maritime technology refers to the tools, techniques, and innovations that enable effective navigation, shipbuilding, and maritime trade across oceans and seas. This technology has significantly evolved over time, impacting trade routes, exploration, and the movement of goods and cultures across vast distances. European maritime technology advanced significantly, enabling transoceanic exploration and trade, with innovations like the caravel, improved cartography, and the use of astrolabes and magnetic compasses playing key roles. European maritime technology advanced significantly, enabling transoceanic exploration and trade, with innovations like the caravel, improved cartography, and the use of astrolabes and magnetic compasses playing key roles.
Mercantilism
1450-1750 europe Mercantilism is an economic theory and practice that emerged in Europe during the 16th to 18th centuries, advocating that a nation’s strength is directly related to its wealth, particularly in gold and silver. This theory promoted government regulation of the economy to enhance state power and wealth through a favorable balance of trade, where exports exceed imports. mercantilism, a dominant economic system, spurred European exploration and colonization, leading to globalized trade, the Columbian Exchange, and the transatlantic slave trade. the establishment and expansion of maritime empires driven by European exploration, mercantilism, and the resulting transoceanic interconnections, including the Columbian Exchange and the transatlantic slave trade.
Syncretism in Christianity
17th century Roman Britain, Gaul, Ireland, Germany, Scandinavia, and Mesoameric he blending or fusion of Christian beliefs and practices with those of other religions or cultures, often perceived as a dilution or corruption of the Gospel the blending or mixing of Christian beliefs and practices with those of other religions or cultures the blending of Christian beliefs with other cultural or religious practices
trading post empire
mid to lat 19th century Portugal, Spain, The Dutch and England Trading post empires were maritime empires established primarily for commerical purposes, wheer European powers built fortified trading posts to control trade routes and access valuable goods Many European countries used trading post empires to obtain goods from other countries, which led them to increased global trade, cultural exchange, and economic shifts Controlling Trade routes, obtaining goods
Triangular Trade
17th to 19th century Europe, Africa, and America Triangle of trade route between the three main regions of the word for trade and influence Demand for cheaper labor and export of cotton and sugar, etc Slavery and Exploitation
Vasco da Gama
1497-1498 europe and india portuguese exploer designed the first successful sea route from europe to india. this opened a major trade route and began globalization and impirealism for europeans advancments in technology maritime trade routes/empires
Vodun
17th century West Africa A form of resistance oppression, helping maintain Africa identity Slave trade and the expansion into Africa Cultural identity and Resistance
Resistance to Slavery
16th to 18th century Haiti, America, Brazil, Jamaica, and India Rebellions, runaway, and work shadows Slavery was a brutal system and African endured extreme oppression Freedom and social justice
Plantation Economy
18th-20th centuries carribean and spread to North America Agricultural farms that relied on slavery and produced cash crops. Influenced trade, economy, and led to social hierchies between landowners and slaves. Econonmy, social hierchies, slavery
