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China IGCSE history > Unit 1: the fall of Qing & rise of the Kuomintang > Flashcards

Unit 1: the fall of Qing & rise of the Kuomintang Flashcards

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1
Q

what did china invent

A

paper, printing, gunpowder, cpmass

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2
Q

what was the main cause for rebllion

A

chinas repeated capitulation to foreign powers

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3
Q

what was foreign powers taking control over china called

A

scramble for china

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4
Q

who disliked foreign powers in china

A

the boxers

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5
Q

who were the main targets to the boxers

A

christian missionaries

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6
Q

what did boxers blame christians for

A

floods, and being favoured by courts.

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7
Q

who were the boxers

A

martial group with millenarian spiritual beliefs who aimed to purfiy china

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8
Q

who was blamed for opposing reform

A

cixi

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9
Q

which main reform had cixi opposed

A

1898 hundred days reform

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10
Q

who encouraged cixi to support the boxers

A

prince duan and general dong

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11
Q

why did cixi choose war

A

foreign powers demanded control of chinas finance and military

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12
Q

who refused to support cixi

A

Yuan Shikai

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13
Q

who sent food to the legations

A

prince ronglu

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14
Q

who was used to fight against boxers

A

Qing troops

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15
Q

how many troops reached beijin

A

55,000

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16
Q

when did troops enter beijing

A

14th august

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17
Q

who was paid to supress the boxers and kill thousand

A

yuan shikai

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18
Q

consequences of boxer uprising

A
  • invasion by 8-nation alliance
  • end of scramble for china
  • new policies
  • rise of japan
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19
Q

who stayed in china even when other countries reteated

A

russia and japan

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20
Q

what was abolished in 1905

A

imperial civil service exam

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21
Q

what type of tortue was banned

A

death by a thousand cuts

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22
Q

when was a new army establishedd

A

1908

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23
Q

when was wuchang uprising

A

10th october 1911

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24
Q

how far did the rebellion spread to

A

15 of 19 china provinces

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25
Q

Establishment of Republic of China with Sun Yat-Sen as President

A

January 1912

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26
Q

who was abdicated in Febraury 1912

A

Puyi- the last emperor

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27
Q

how many ports were controlled by GB, France, USA, Germany, Russia and japan

A

80

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28
Q

what led to china declining in 19th century

A

stability and resistance

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29
Q

who opposed Manchu domination

A

the Han

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30
Q

what led to peasent riots

A

poor harvests, droughts, floods and tax rises

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31
Q

what were Sun Yat- Sens 3 principles

A
  • Nationalism (of the ppl)
  • Democracy (by the ppl)
  • Socialism (for the people)
32
Q

who was yuan shikai

A

general who served for Cixi

33
Q

who was yuan shikai dismissed by

A

Prince Chun

34
Q

what was yuan shikai appointed as when he came back

A

prime minister and army commander

35
Q

Appointment of Yuan Shikai as President

A

March 1912

36
Q

Establishment of Kuomintang

A

August 1912

37
Q

who was KMT foudned by

A

Song Jiaoren

38
Q

who was KMT opposed by

A

Yuan shikai

39
Q

when did KMT win elections

A

1913

40
Q

Failed ‘Second Revolution’ by Kuomintang

A

July 1913

41
Q

who forced sun into exile

A

yuan

42
Q

Yuan Shikai created Emperor

A

december 1915

43
Q

Death of Yuan Shikai

A

June 1916

44
Q

what led regional warlords to seize power for themselves

A

collapse of the empire

45
Q

what led to further decline in authority of the central government

A

death of yuan shikai

46
Q

who controlled vast territories

A

manchuria by the old and young marshals

47
Q

where did KMT rule

A

Guangzhour

48
Q

how many students were involved in the constant conflicts between warlords

A

300,000

49
Q

why was there no relief in 1918 drought and 1923-5 floods

A

no central government

50
Q

when did japan seize shantung

A

1914

51
Q

when did china enter the japan war

A

1917

52
Q

when did protests begin in Beijin

A

May 4th

53
Q

who attacked the confucian culture

A

New Culture Movement

54
Q

who did Sun look for aid as he failed to gain support from west

A

Russia

55
Q

who came to china in 1923

A

soviets

56
Q

who was chiang kai shek

A

protogé of sun

57
Q

what was chiang kai shek put in charge of

A

Whampoa Military Academy

58
Q

when did sun die

A

1925

59
Q

when was CCP foudned

A

1921

60
Q

how many members did CCP have at first

A

13 including mao

61
Q

who did CCP depend on

A

soviet support

62
Q

what allowed CCP to grow and avoid suppression

A

Suns alliance with USSR

63
Q

What did Mao attend in 1921

A

1st CCP congress

64
Q

why did Chiang launch his campaign

A

defeat nothern warlords and reuinfy china

65
Q

what did soviet advises teach KMT to use

A

encirclement tactics

66
Q

what did Chiang capture in 1928

A

Peking

67
Q

why did Chiang order the Shanghai Massacres

A

he was threatened by communists

68
Q

when was shanghai massacre

A

april 1927

69
Q

how many communists were killed in shanghai massacre

A

5,000

70
Q

where did mao establish ccp base

A

Ruikin in Jiangxi

71
Q

how many people were killed in Maos purges

A

tens of thousands including 1million peasents

72
Q

who was replaced as millitary leader and by who

A

mao by zhou enlai

73
Q

when did Mao manage to secure a place

A

Long march

74
Q

who launched extermination campagins to encircle Jianxi

A

Chiang

75
Q

what tactics did mao use

A

guerilla warfar

76
Q

what forced CCP to abandon Jiangxi

A

chiangs 5th campagin in 1934

China IGCSE history (9 decks)

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