Unit 1: the fall of Qing & rise of the Kuomintang Flashcards
what did china invent
paper, printing, gunpowder, cpmass
what was the main cause for rebllion
chinas repeated capitulation to foreign powers
what was foreign powers taking control over china called
scramble for china
who disliked foreign powers in china
the boxers
who were the main targets to the boxers
christian missionaries
what did boxers blame christians for
floods, and being favoured by courts.
who were the boxers
martial group with millenarian spiritual beliefs who aimed to purfiy china
who was blamed for opposing reform
cixi
which main reform had cixi opposed
1898 hundred days reform
who encouraged cixi to support the boxers
prince duan and general dong
why did cixi choose war
foreign powers demanded control of chinas finance and military
who refused to support cixi
Yuan Shikai
who sent food to the legations
prince ronglu
who was used to fight against boxers
Qing troops
how many troops reached beijin
55,000
when did troops enter beijing
14th august
who was paid to supress the boxers and kill thousand
yuan shikai
consequences of boxer uprising
- invasion by 8-nation alliance
- end of scramble for china
- new policies
- rise of japan
who stayed in china even when other countries reteated
russia and japan
what was abolished in 1905
imperial civil service exam
what type of tortue was banned
death by a thousand cuts
when was a new army establishedd
1908
when was wuchang uprising
10th october 1911
how far did the rebellion spread to
15 of 19 china provinces
Establishment of Republic of China with Sun Yat-Sen as President
January 1912
who was abdicated in Febraury 1912
Puyi- the last emperor
how many ports were controlled by GB, France, USA, Germany, Russia and japan
80
what led to china declining in 19th century
stability and resistance
who opposed Manchu domination
the Han
what led to peasent riots
poor harvests, droughts, floods and tax rises
what were Sun Yat- Sens 3 principles
- Nationalism (of the ppl)
- Democracy (by the ppl)
- Socialism (for the people)
who was yuan shikai
general who served for Cixi
who was yuan shikai dismissed by
Prince Chun
what was yuan shikai appointed as when he came back
prime minister and army commander
Appointment of Yuan Shikai as President
March 1912
Establishment of Kuomintang
August 1912
who was KMT foudned by
Song Jiaoren
who was KMT opposed by
Yuan shikai
when did KMT win elections
1913
Failed ‘Second Revolution’ by Kuomintang
July 1913
who forced sun into exile
yuan
Yuan Shikai created Emperor
december 1915
Death of Yuan Shikai
June 1916
what led regional warlords to seize power for themselves
collapse of the empire
what led to further decline in authority of the central government
death of yuan shikai
who controlled vast territories
manchuria by the old and young marshals
where did KMT rule
Guangzhour
how many students were involved in the constant conflicts between warlords
300,000
why was there no relief in 1918 drought and 1923-5 floods
no central government
when did japan seize shantung
1914
when did china enter the japan war
1917
when did protests begin in Beijin
May 4th
who attacked the confucian culture
New Culture Movement
who did Sun look for aid as he failed to gain support from west
Russia
who came to china in 1923
soviets
who was chiang kai shek
protogé of sun
what was chiang kai shek put in charge of
Whampoa Military Academy
when did sun die
1925
when was CCP foudned
1921
how many members did CCP have at first
13 including mao
who did CCP depend on
soviet support
what allowed CCP to grow and avoid suppression
Suns alliance with USSR
What did Mao attend in 1921
1st CCP congress
why did Chiang launch his campaign
defeat nothern warlords and reuinfy china
what did soviet advises teach KMT to use
encirclement tactics
what did Chiang capture in 1928
Peking
why did Chiang order the Shanghai Massacres
he was threatened by communists
when was shanghai massacre
april 1927
how many communists were killed in shanghai massacre
5,000
where did mao establish ccp base
Ruikin in Jiangxi
how many people were killed in Maos purges
tens of thousands including 1million peasents
who was replaced as millitary leader and by who
mao by zhou enlai
when did Mao manage to secure a place
Long march
who launched extermination campagins to encircle Jianxi
Chiang
what tactics did mao use
guerilla warfar
what forced CCP to abandon Jiangxi
chiangs 5th campagin in 1934
