Unit 1-Structure Of DNA Flashcards
Basic units of DNA
Nucleotides
3 components of a nucleotide
Deoxyribose sugar, phosphate and base
What is formed when many nucleotides join together?
Sugar-phosphate backbone
What is the bond that forms between the phosphate and deoxyribose sugar?
Covalent bond
Name the sugar group present in DNA.
Deoxyribose sugar
What type of bond forms between complementary bases on the parallel strands of DNA?
Hydrogen bond
The term for two strands of DNA running in opposite directions.
Anti-parallel
The term for adenine pairing with thymine and guanine pairing with cytosine
Complementary base pairing
General name for the 4 nitrogenous organic molecules which determine the DNA sequence.
Bases
What is determined by the sequence of bases?
Order of amino acids therefore types of protein produced
Genotype
The 3’ strand of DNA ends with this.
Deoxyribose sugar
The 5’ strand of DNA ends with this.
Phosphate
Tightly coiled DNA molecule carrying genetic information.
Chromosome
How is the DNA found in the nucleus of eukaryotes?
Linear chromosomes
What type of chromosomes are found in mitochondria and chloroplasts?
Circular chromosomes
Cells with a membrane-bound nucleus.
Eukaryotic cell
Cells do not have a membrane-bound nucleus and may contain small rings of DNA.
Prokaryotic cell
Small rings of DNA that may be found in bacterial cells and yeast cells.
Plasmid
DNA is found tightly coiled and packaged with these.
Associated proteins (Histones)
A technique used to separate out fragments of digested DNA based on their size and charge.
Gel Electrophoresis
