Unit 1-Gene Expression

Question 1

Gene expression is made up of which two processes

Answer 1

Transcription and translation

Question 2

Synthesis of the primary RNA molecule from a DNA template.

Answer 2

Transcription

Question 3

Synthesis of a polypeptide chain from mRNA.

Answer 3

Translation

Question 4

Section of RNA removed to create the mature RNA transcript.

Answer 4

Introns

Question 5

What does the messenger RNA (mRNA) do?

Answer 5

Carries a copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosome.

Question 6

What does the transfer RNA (tRNA) do?

Answer 6

Carries its specific amino acid to the ribosome

Question 7

Sugar molecule present on RNA

Answer 7

Ribose

Question 8

What is the ribosome made of?

Answer 8

Ribosomal RNA and proteins form the ribosome.

Question 9

Type of base present in RNA rather than thymine in DNA.

Answer 9

Uracil

Question 10

The 20 subunits that make up a polypeptide.

Answer 10

Amino acids

Question 11

First RNA transcript made before processing

Answer 11

Primary RNA transcript

Question 12

Three types of RNA involved in transcription and translation

Answer 12

messenger (mRNA), transfer (tRNA) and ribosomal (rRNA)

Question 13

Where translation takes place

Answer 13

Ribosome

Question 14

Fragments of RNA which join together to form the mature transcript.

Answer 14

Exons

Question 15

Triplets of bases on mRNA each of which codes for an amino acid.

Answer 15

Codon

Question 16

Triplet of bases on a tRNA molecule which determine the particular amino acid joined onto the extending polypeptide chain.

Answer 16

Anti-codon

Question 17

Codon that initiates translation from this point on.

Answer 17

Start codon

Question 18

Codon that terminates translation at this point and does not code for an amino acid.

Answer 18

Stop codon

Question 19

Ways that RNA differs from DNA

Answer 19

RNA is single-stranded while DNA is double-stranded.

RNA has a sugar called ribose while DNA has a sugar called deoxyribose.

RNA has the base uracil while DNA has the base thymine.

Question 20

Type of RNA molecule that is joined to a specific amino acid.

Answer 20

tRNA

Question 21

Final RNA molecule ready for translation.

Answer 21

Mature RNA transcript

Question 22

Different orders of exons being joined together to make different proteins

Answer 22

Alternative mRNA splicing

Question 23

Procedure to remove introns from an RNA transcript leaving the mature transcript.

Answer 23

Splicing

Question 24

A chain of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds

Answer 24

Polypeptide (Proteins)

Question 25

The bond that joins two amino acids together.

Answer 25

Peptide

Question 26

Bonds that join different parts of a polypeptide chain together to help create the 3D structure of the protein

Answer 26

Hydrogen bonding

Question 27

Proteins that form the shape of all organelles and cells in the body.

Answer 27

Structural

Question 28

Y-shaped proteins involved in the immune response which bind specifically to particular antigens.

Answer 28

Antibody

Question 29

Oxygen transporting protein contained in red blood cells.

Answer 29

Haemoglobin

Question 30

Protein molecules which catalyse specific chemical reactions.

Answer 30

Enzymes