Unit 1-Replication Of DNA

Question 1

Strand of DNA which is copied to produce a new strand.

Answer 1

Template

Question 2

Small sequence of single-stranded DNA required to start DNA replication.

Answer 2

Primer

Question 3

Copying a molecule of DNA

Answer 3

Replication

Question 4

Continuous replication of one strand of DNA from one primer.

Answer 4

Leading Strand

Question 5

What strand has to be replicated in fragments?

Answer 5

Lagging Strand

Question 6

Enzyme required to join newly replicated fragments of DNA

Answer 6

Ligase

Question 7

End of parent strand that DNA replicates (attaches to)

Answer 7

3’ (it moves 5’ - 3’)

Question 8

Enzyme which adds complementary nucleotides to the deoxyribose 3’ end of a DNA strand

Answer 8

DNA Polymerase

Question 9

Method of amplifying DNA sequences by repeatedly copying the region between two primers.

Answer 9

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

Question 10

Producing a very large number of copies of a DNA fragment from possibly only one copy of DNA.

Answer 10

Amplification

Question 11

A type of DNA polymerase that is still active at relatively high temperatures.

Answer 11

Heat-tolerant polymerase
or
Taq polymerase

Question 12

Region of the DNA template to which the primer is complementary to.

Answer 12

Target sequence

Question 13

Why is the DNA heated in stage one?

Answer 13

To separate the DNA strands

Question 14

Why is the temperature lowered during stage 2 of PCR?

Answer 14

To allow allow binding of primers to target sequences

Question 15

Why is the temperature increased during stage 3 of PCR?

Answer 15

To replicate DNA

Question 16

What temperature ranges are involved in PCR?

Answer 16

Stage 1 between 92 and 98 °C
Stage 2 between 50 and 65°C
Stage 3 between 70 and 80°C

Question 17

Examples of the practical uses of PCR

Answer 17

Forensic Science

Archaeobiology

Research

Phylogenetics

Paternity testing