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Higher Human Biology: Unit 1 > Unit 1: Structue & Function Of The Heart > Flashcards

Unit 1: Structue & Function Of The Heart Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of Heart rate (pulse) (HR)

A

No. Of heartbeats that occurs per minute

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2
Q

Definition of stroke volume (SV)

A

Volume of blood expelled by each ventricle on contraction. The stronger the connection, the greater the stroke volume.

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3
Q

Definition is cariac output ( CO)

A

Volume of blood pumped through the ventricle per minute

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4
Q

What is the equation to work out cardiac output (CO)

A

CO= HR x SV

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5
Q

Definition of systole

A

The chambers of the heart contract

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6
Q

Definition of diastole

A

The chambers of the heart relax

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7
Q

Divination of cardiac cycle

A

One complete sequence of filling & pumping blood

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8
Q

What happens during atrial systole

A

Atrial systole transfers the remainder of the blood through the atrioventricular valves to the ventricles

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9
Q

What happens during ventricular systole

A

Ventricular systole closes the AV valves and pumps the blood out through the semi lunar valves to the aorta and pulmonary artery

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10
Q

Where does the heat beat originate

A

In the heart itself

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11
Q

What is responsible for the heart sounds heard through a stethoscope

A

The opening and closing of he AV valves and SL valves

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12
Q

What does SAN stand for

A

Sinoatrial node

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13
Q

What sets the rate of cardiac conduction

A

SAN

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14
Q

How does the SAN control the rate of cardiac conduction

A

Auto-rhythmic cells

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15
Q

Where does the SAN set the rate of cardiac contraction

A

(Auto-rhythmic cells) -(located in) The wall of the right atrium

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16
Q

Where is the AVN located

A

Base of artia

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17
Q

What does AVN stand for

A

Atrioventricular node

18
Q

What does the AVN do

A

Sends impluses down conducting fibers between ventricles and up across ventricles causing ventricular systole

19
Q

The flow chart for cardiac conduction- contraction of the heart

A

SAN sets the rate of cardiac contraction (wall of RA) ⬇️
Blood flows into RA & falls into RV
⬇️
Electrical impulse from SAN across artia into AVN causes artical systole ⬇️
Blood is forced into RV
⬇️
As pressure in the RV builds, AV valve closes
⬇️
Impulse travels down middle of the heart & up the ventricle walls causing ventricular systole
⬇️
Blood is forced out into blood vessels through SL valves ⬇️
As pressure builds in blood vessels , SL valves close

20
Q

What do electrocardiogram dectect

A

The electrical impulses in the heart

21
Q

What is used to detect electrical impluses in the heart

A

Electrocardiogram

22
Q

What regulates the SAN

A

Medulla - through antagonistic action of the autonomic nervous system

23
Q

What do sympathetic nerves release

A

They release nor-adrenaline to increase heart rate (HR)

24
Q

What do parasympathetic nerves release

A

They release acetylcholine to decrease heart rate (HR)

25
Q

What are the P waves in an ECG

A

Electrical activity during atrial systole

26
Q

What are the ORS waves in an ECG

A

Electrical activity during ventrical systole

27
Q

What are the T waves in an ECG

A

Ventricular repolarsation (recovery of ventrical walls)

28
Q

What does ECG stand for

A

Electrocardiogram

29
Q

What is blood pressure

A

Friction between blood and blood vessels

30
Q

Does blood pressure increase or decrease during ventricular systole

A

Increases

31
Q

Does blood pressure increase or decrease during ventricular systole

A

Decreased

32
Q

What do you measure blood pressure with

A

Sphygmomanometer

33
Q

Fill in the blank:

The more space in the blood vessel the ———— the blood presssure

A

Lower

34
Q

How does a sphygmomanometer work

A

It is a cuff inflated to stop blood flow through artery and deflates gradually

35
Q

When measuring blood pressure - When is the first pressure reading

A

Taken when cuff begins to deflate and blood starts to flow (systolic pressure)

36
Q

When measuring blood pressure - when is the 2nd reading taken

A

When pressure falls to where no sound is heard in the artery and blood flows freely(diastolic pressure)

37
Q

What is systolic pressure

A

Blood flow starts (detected as a pulse)

38
Q

What is diastolic pressure

A

Blood flows freely (no pulse detected)

39
Q

What is a typical reading in a sphygmomanometer

A

120/80 mmHg

40
Q

What is hypertension

A

Chronic(prolonged) high blood pressure

41
Q

What is hypertension a major risk for

A

For many diseases including coronary heart disease (CVD)

Higher Human Biology: Unit 1 (8 decks)

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