Unit 1: Cardio Vascular Disease

Question 1

What is atherosclerosis

Answer 1

Accumulation of fattty material (cholesterol, calcium & fiberous materials) forming a atheroma BENEATH the endothelium

Question 2

What happened to the artery from the result of a atheroma

Answer 2

Artery thickens and looses elasticity, a reduction of the diameter of lumen and blood flow resulting in increased blood pressure

Question 3

What can atherosclerosis cause

Answer 3

CVDs:

Heart attack
Angina
Stroke
PVD

Question 4

What is thrombosis

Answer 4

A blood clot that can be caused from atheromas that rupture damaging the endothelium causing the release of clotting factors

Question 5

Why does blood clot

Answer 5

Blood clotting is a protective device triggered by damage to cells in order to prevent blood loss

Question 6

What is a thrombus

Answer 6

A Blood clot in a blood vessel

Question 7

What is an atheroma

Answer 7

Fatty material beneath endothelium

Question 8

What is thrombosis (short answer)

Answer 8

Formation of the blood clot

Question 9

What is an embolus

Answer 9

Thrombus which has broken loose

Question 10

What is an embolism

Answer 10

Embolus blocks a blood vessel

Question 11

What do threads of fibrin form

Answer 11

They form a meshwork which clots the blood, seals the wound and provides a scaffold for the formation of scar tissue

Question 12

Diagram for how blood clots

Answer 12

Prothrombin(inactive enzyme)

Damage➡️clotting factors⬇️

                                Thrombin(active)
                                        ⬇️

             Fibrinogen         ➡️   Fibrin
                  (Soluble).              (Insoluble)

Question 13

Flow chart of how an atheroma gets to an embolism

Answer 13

Build up of fatty material beneath the endothelium. ⬇️
Artery thickens & loses elasticity
⬇️
Blood flow reduced & pressure increases
⬇️
Atheroma damages endothial wall
⬇️
Clotting factors released which converts prothrombin to thrombin
⬇️
Thrombin converts fibrinogen to fibrin which forms meshwork for blood clot
⬇️
Blood clot (thrombus) can break free, travelling through blood stream⬇️

Embolus travels & blocks blood vessel which is called an embolism. ⬇️

Cells become deprived of oxygen & tissues die

Question 14

What happens if thrombosis is in a conary artery

Answer 14

Heart attack (myocardial infarction)

Question 15

What happens if thrombosis happens to the artery leading to the brain

Answer 15

A stroke

Question 16

What are peripheral arteries

Answer 16

Those other than aorta , conary arteries or carotid arteries

Question 17

What is Peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

Answer 17

Narrowing of the arteries due to atherosclerosis of arteries other than those to the heart and brain

Mainly in the legs

Question 18

What is experienced in sufferers of PVD

Answer 18

Pain in their leg muscles due to a limited supply of oxygen

Question 19

What is deep vain thrombosis (DVT)

Answer 19

Formation of a thrombus in a deep vein usually in the calf causing painful swelling

Question 20

Where is DVT most common

Answer 20

In the leg after a long period of inactivity

Question 21

What happens if a thrombus in a vein breaks free

Answer 21

It may travel through the heart and block the pulmonary artery known as a pulmonary embolism