Unit 1: Renaissance and Exploration Flashcards
Italian poet and humanist scholar, discovered work by Cicero
Petrarch
Italian humanist and philologist proved Donation of Constantine was a fake
Lorenzo Valla
Italian humanist, historian and leader of Florence. Prompted civic humanism.
Leonardo Bruni
Italian humanist, historian and secular political theorist (The Prince)
Niccolò Machiavelli
Italian humanist whose work outlined the ideal Renaissance courtier (Book of the Courtier)
Baldassare Castiglione
Italian humanist who promoted individualism (Oration on Dignity of Man)
Pico della Mirandola
Dutch Chrisitan humanist who criticised corruption in Church and State with Adages and challenged Church authority
with new latin bible translation.
Erasmus
English Christian humanist who corresponded with Erasmus, wrote Utopia and opposed the Reformation in England
Thomas Moore
German craftsman who developed a process of making movable type and the printing press
Guthenberg
Known as the ‘Warrior Pope’, he enlarged the Vatican states and was a patron to Michelangelo
Pope Julius II
New monarch who defeated most powerful and independent of French nobles Charles the Bold of Burgundy
Louis XI of France
New monarch who continued the sale of office to raise revenue, increased state bureaucracy and made
Concordat of Bologna with pope.
Francis I
New monarch victor in War of the Roses and first Tudor monarch. Increased the power of the English
monarchy by outlawing private armies and careful use of government finance.
Henry VII of England
New monarch, broke with the authority of the pope to empower himself to become head of Church in
England. Closed monasteries of England.
Henry VIII of England
New monarchs in Spain. Supported by the powerful Hermandad of cities and towns.
Ended religious toleration, expelled Jews and Muslims, established Spanish Inquisition.
Isabella of Castile+Ferdinand of Aragon
Portuguese leader who promoted use of caravel ships, exploration of Western Africa and the islands of the
Atlantic Ocean.
Henry the Navigator
Italian born explorer, funded by Ferdinand and Isabella, landed on the island of Hispaniola while
attempting to find a route to India.
Christopher Columbus
Portuguese sailor and first European to round the southern tip of Africa
Bartolomeu Dias
Portuguese sailor and the first European to reach India by sea
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese explorer who planned and led a Spanish funded expedition to circumnavigate the world
Ferdinand Magellan
1455
Gutenberg bible printed
1462
Platonic Academy formed in Florence
1494
Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas
1522
Spanish circumnavigation of the world
1527
Sack of Rome by Charles V
Civic humanism
Using ideas from ancient greece and rome
Christian humanism
self-fulfillment of humanity within the frameworkof christian principles
Philology
The study of language and literature from written documents
Naturalism
Renaissance art movement depicting nature and humans realistically
Vernacular
Common language spoken by the people, not latin
New monarchy
Powerful centralised monarchies that emerged during the Renaissance
Mercantilism
Economic belief the wealth of countries is linked to the accumulation of gold and silver reserves
Columbian exchange
The exchange of diseases, ideas, food. crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World following the voyage to the Americas by Christo pher Columbus in 1492
Commercial revolution
Growth of urban centers and money based economy from 1450-1650
Subsistance agriculture
peasants producing just enough food to feed themselves and their family (no surplus to sell)
