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AP History > Unit 1: Renaissance and Exploration > Flashcards

Unit 1: Renaissance and Exploration Flashcards

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1
Q

Italian poet and humanist scholar, discovered work by Cicero

A

Petrarch

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2
Q

Italian humanist and philologist proved Donation of Constantine was a fake

A

Lorenzo Valla

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3
Q

Italian humanist, historian and leader of Florence. Prompted civic humanism.

A

Leonardo Bruni

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4
Q

Italian humanist, historian and secular political theorist (The Prince)

A

Niccolò Machiavelli

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5
Q

Italian humanist whose work outlined the ideal Renaissance courtier (Book of the Courtier)

A

Baldassare Castiglione

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6
Q

Italian humanist who promoted individualism (Oration on Dignity of Man)

A

Pico della Mirandola

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7
Q

Dutch Chrisitan humanist who criticised corruption in Church and State with Adages and challenged Church authority
with new latin bible translation.

A

Erasmus

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8
Q

English Christian humanist who corresponded with Erasmus, wrote Utopia and opposed the Reformation in England

A

Thomas Moore

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9
Q

German craftsman who developed a process of making movable type and the printing press

A

Guthenberg

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10
Q

Known as the ‘Warrior Pope’, he enlarged the Vatican states and was a patron to Michelangelo

A

Pope Julius II

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11
Q

New monarch who defeated most powerful and independent of French nobles Charles the Bold of Burgundy

A

Louis XI of France

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12
Q

New monarch who continued the sale of office to raise revenue, increased state bureaucracy and made
Concordat of Bologna with pope.

A

Francis I

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13
Q

New monarch victor in War of the Roses and first Tudor monarch. Increased the power of the English
monarchy by outlawing private armies and careful use of government finance.

A

Henry VII of England

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14
Q

New monarch, broke with the authority of the pope to empower himself to become head of Church in
England. Closed monasteries of England.

A

Henry VIII of England

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15
Q

New monarchs in Spain. Supported by the powerful Hermandad of cities and towns.
Ended religious toleration, expelled Jews and Muslims, established Spanish Inquisition.

A

Isabella of Castile+Ferdinand of Aragon

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16
Q

Portuguese leader who promoted use of caravel ships, exploration of Western Africa and the islands of the
Atlantic Ocean.

A

Henry the Navigator

17
Q

Italian born explorer, funded by Ferdinand and Isabella, landed on the island of Hispaniola while
attempting to find a route to India.

A

Christopher Columbus

18
Q

Portuguese sailor and first European to round the southern tip of Africa

A

Bartolomeu Dias

19
Q

Portuguese sailor and the first European to reach India by sea

A

Vasco da Gama

20
Q

Portuguese explorer who planned and led a Spanish funded expedition to circumnavigate the world

A

Ferdinand Magellan

21
Q

1455

A

Gutenberg bible printed

22
Q

1462

A

Platonic Academy formed in Florence

23
Q

1494

A

Spain and Portugal agreed to the Treaty of Tordesillas

24
Q

1522

A

Spanish circumnavigation of the world

25
Q

1527

A

Sack of Rome by Charles V

26
Q

Civic humanism

A

Using ideas from ancient greece and rome

27
Q

Christian humanism

A

self-fulfillment of humanity within the frameworkof christian principles

28
Q

Philology

A

The study of language and literature from written documents

29
Q

Naturalism

A

Renaissance art movement depicting nature and humans realistically

30
Q

Vernacular

A

Common language spoken by the people, not latin

31
Q

New monarchy

A

Powerful centralised monarchies that emerged during the Renaissance

32
Q

Mercantilism

A

Economic belief the wealth of countries is linked to the accumulation of gold and silver reserves

33
Q

Columbian exchange

A

The exchange of diseases, ideas, food. crops, and populations between the New World and the Old World following the voyage to the Americas by Christo pher Columbus in 1492

34
Q

Commercial revolution

A

Growth of urban centers and money based economy from 1450-1650

35
Q

Subsistance agriculture

A

peasants producing just enough food to feed themselves and their family (no surplus to sell)

AP History (5 decks)

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