LEQ Essays prep unit 2

Question 1

Evaluate the extent to which European monarchy was transformed in the period 1485-1648

Answer 1

1. European Monarchy was transformed
   a. France ( centralisation of power, permanent army, concordat of Bologna)
   b. England (tudor dynasty, parliament, court of star chamber, break with Rome)
   c. Spain (hermandad, lower nobility, spanish inquisition)
2. European monarchy stayed the same
   a. Holy roman empire
   b. Nobility privileges
   c. Religious authority

Question 2

Evaluate the extent to which religious changes were the most significant outcome of the printing press

Answer 2

1. Religious changes
   a. dissemination of religious ideas
   b. Religious diversity
   c. Religious wars
2. Social changes
   a. New circulation of scientific and educational texts
   b. Renaissance
   c. Economic growth and urbanisation

Question 3

Evaluate the extent to which Catholic Church corruption led to the Protestant Reformation

Answer 3

1. Corruption of Catholic church
   a. Pope Julius II
   b. Sale of Indulgences
   c. Corrupt priests
2. Political factors
   a. Holy roman empire
   b. Lack of powerful catholic ruler
   c. New vernacular language

Question 4

Evaluate the extent to which the Catholic counter-reformation was successful by 1648

Answer 4

1. Successful
   a. Gained back territories ( Germany, Netherlands, 30 years war)
   b. Council of Trent (reforms in the Church)
   c. Religious orders (ex. Jesuits)
2. Not successful
   a. Spread and diversity of Protestantism
   b. Ruined reputation of the Church
   c. Political challenges

Question 5

Evaluate the extent to which the rise of Calvinism was the most significant change in European religious life before 1648

Answer 5

1. Calvinism
   a. spread of calvinism
   b. Impact on politics
   c. Wars of religion
2. Catholic counter reformation
   a. Council of Trent
   b. Missionaries and religious orders
   c. Wars of religion and political alliances