Unit 1 - Proteins Flashcards
what is the primary structure of a protein?
order of amino acids in a chain
what are the types of amino acids?
- essential: cannot be made
- non-essential: body produces them
- conditional: non-essential except in times of illness or stress
what is the secondary structure of a protein?
local structures it can fold into
- alpha-helix (H bonds form between carbonyl-amide hydrogen groups so fold tightly)
- beta-pleated sheet
what are the two types of beta pleated sheets?
- parallel - strands run in same direction from N-terminus to C-terminus
= less stable geometry - forces H bonds to occur at an angle making them longer and weaker - antiparallel: strands run in opposite directions - H bonds aligned directly opposite each other - more stable/ stronger
what is the tertiary structure of a protein?
overall 3D shape the chain forms into - determines protein function
what is the quaternary structure of a protein?
geometry of several proteins into multimers
hetero/homomultimers
give seven functions of proteins
- catalysis
- defence
- transportation
- support
- motion
- regulation
- storage
give four functions of carbohydrates
- provide energy
- energy storage
- building block
- link to proteins/lipids
give four functions of lipids
- energy storage
- insulation
- protection
- building blocks
what two types of molecules are lipids classified into?
split into fatty acids and steroids
what are the four types of fatty acids?
- triglycerides
- phosphoglycerides
- waxes
- sphingolipids
what are the two types of sphingolipids?
- sphingomyelins
- glycolipids
what are the two types of glycolipids?
- cerebrosides
- gangliosides
what are cytoskeletal proteins?
proteins that make up the skeleton of a cell, flagella or cilia of cells
give examples of cytoskeletal proteinis
they are all polymers
- tubulin/ lamin/ actin
