Unit 1: Function of Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

what is a tissue?

A

a group of similar cells combined to perform a common function

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2
Q

what is an organ?

A

combination of two or more different tissues performing a common function

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3
Q

what is an organ system?

A

group of organs that work together to perform one or more functions

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4
Q

what is the name of the cell layer that lines blood vessels/fluid -filled spaces in brain?

A

endothelium

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5
Q

what is the name of the cell layer that covers the pericardium, pleura and peritoneal cavity?

A

mesothelium

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6
Q

what are the two type of cell interactions that hold cells together?

A

cell-matrix adhesion - adhere indirectly by adhesion receptors in plasma membrane
cell-cell adhesion - adhere directly by cell adhesion molecules

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7
Q

what are the three types of cell-cell junctions?

A
  • anchoring
  • tight
  • gap
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8
Q

what are the three types of anchoring junctions?

A
  • adherens
  • desmosomes
  • hemidesmosomes
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9
Q

describe an adherens junction

A

continuous band around cell containing an attachment plaque for actin filaments of cytoskeleton
- actin filaments connected by cadherins

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10
Q

where are desmosomes found?

A

lateral surface of cell membranes- bind adjacent cells together

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11
Q

what is the difference between a desmosome and hemidesmosom?

A

desmosome contains cadherins in which its intermediate filaments are attached to
hemidesmosome - contains integrins that binds to intermediate filaments fixing epithelial cell to basal lamina

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12
Q

what is a tight junction?

A

continuous region of contact between membranes of adjacent cells - no diffusion of macromolecules

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13
Q

what are gap junctions?

A

specialised region of contact that allows small molecules to diffuse between adjacent cells

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14
Q

what multi-adhesive matrix proteins can be found in the ECM?

A
  • laminin - glue between dissimilar tissues

- fibronectin - helps cell positioning/ division

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15
Q

what is the name of the tough outer layer of skin and what is it made out of?

A
  • epidermis

- keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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16
Q

What are the four layers of the epidermis/ fifth layer in thick skin?

A
  • stratum corneum/ granulosum/ spinosum/ basale

- thick skin (found on palm of hands/ soles of feet) extra layer stratum lucidum

17
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis?

A
  • papillary layer- contains fibroblasts, adipocytes, capillary loops, hair follicles
  • reticular layer - collagen and elastin fibers
18
Q

what does the hypodermis contain?

A

superficial fascia/ loose areolar tissue/ blood/ lymphatic vessels / skin ligaments

19
Q

what does deep fascia contain?

A

dense regular connective tissue

- extensions from internal surface: investing/ intermuscular/ subserous fascia