Unit 1; photosynthesis and cellular respiration Flashcards
where does light reaction take place
in the thylakoid membrane of the granum in a chloroplast
what is chlorophyll
clusters of light capturing pigments that make up photosystems.
describe the process of the light reaction
electrons from water are boosted in photosystem 2 and transported along etc and are regenerated in photo system, 1 and moved to nadph. hydrogen from the water accumulates in the lumen ( inside the thylakoid) and the process of it passing across the membrane generates enough energy to form atp.
what happens to h2o in light rx
it is split and 02 is released into the atmosphere while the electrons are transported along the electron chain and then eventually is carried by NADP. the hydrogen accumulates in the lumen creating a concentration gradient of protons which is a source of energy and makes ADP into ATP
describe process of dark reaction
the plant must take CO2 molecules from the air and joins a 5 carbon compound to form a 6 carbon compound. which gets transformed into a 3carbon molecule called PGAL by the power of ATP and NADPH. a molecule of PGAL is then taken out of the cycle to create GLUCOSE.
ATP AND ADP
ATP is made of adenine ribose and 3 phosphate groups which is named adenosine triphosphate
ADP is made of adenine ribose and 2 phosphate groups called adenosine diphosphate.
fill in the blanks
the _________ takes place in saclike photosynthetic membrane that are located inside an organelle known as the ___________. Sunlight is captured by clusters of pigment molecules called photosystems that contain several hundred_____ molecules as well as a number of accessory pigments. Electrons are passed from one______ ________ to the next during a process of________. ______ is split to produce hydrogen ions, ______ gas, and ______ which replaces those lost in by chlorophyll. The hydrogen ions and high energy electrons are picked up by an ______ to form ______. The concentration of ________ ions builds up inside the grana creating a ____ charge and the storm develops a negative charge. Due to the lack of H+ outside. The movement of charge across a membrane causes an _______ group to join with ADP to form _______. The light reactions use _____,_____, and _____ and produces ____ ___ and ________. The _______ or calvin cycle, the energy from ____ and ____ produced in the light reactions is used to join the carbon from _____ to other carbon atoms to form________.
Light reaction, chloroplast, chlorophyll, electron carrier, electron transport, water , oxygen, electrons,nadp, nadph, hydrogen, positive, phosphate, ATP, H2O, ADP, NADP, NADPH, Atp,O2, dark reaction, ate, nadph, co2,glucose
glycolysis
occurs without oxygen-aerobic. takes place in cytoplasm splits one molecule of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid using 2 ATP. it produces 4 ATP and 2 NADPH
Krebs cycle
requires oxygen-aerobic. 1 molecule of pyruvic acid gets rid of a molecule of co2 forming a two carbon compound that joins with a 4 carbon compound creating a 6 carbon compound it sheds two other co2s producing nadh and fadh until it is converted back to the 4 carbon molecule where it sheds more electrons to nadh it creates one atp molecule each time it goes around so all together it creates 2. it creates 4 molecules of nadh and one of fadh each time it goes around with a total gain of 10 energy carrying molecules from one molecule of glucose. its in matrix of mitochondria
Etc
In cristae of mitochondria. takes electrons and hydrogen ions from fadh and nadh and it transports electrons along electron chain. at the end of the chain the hydrogen, oxygen ( final acceptor of electrons) produce water. energy released from atp synthase ( hydrogen moving across membrane) turns adp into 34 ate.
fermentation in muscle cells
when there is no presence of oxygen the krebs cycle and the etc shut down leaving only glycolysis. when this happens the nadh created must lose the electron and hydrogen in order for the cycle to continues so it gives the electron and h back to pyruvic acid creating lactic acid
fermentation in yeast
similar to muscle cells however the product is ethyl alcohol, and carbon dioxide rather than lactic acid
autotrophs
make their own food
heterotrophs
obtain energy from eating things
calvin cycle
6co2 molecules combine with 6c5 molecules and split to form 12 c3 molecules. two of these molecules are removed and go on to produce glucose and the remaining 10 turn back into 6c5 molecules and repeat the cycle.
