unit 1 part 2 Flashcards
allele number (100 pop members)
200.
100 * 2
hardy weinberg equilibrium
describes the genetics of non evolving popluations
it predicts that allele and genotype frequencies will stay the same
disequilibrium in the HW equation indicates ____
evolution
populations evolve with (4 things)
- Natural selection
- Genetic drift, including bottleneck and founder
- Migration
- Non-random mating
natural selection
beneficial traits become more common throughout generations
results in adaptations
Diversifying/disruptive selection
favors the survival of two or more genotypes
makes on side of the pop be on the far right and the other on the far left.
occurs when two phenotypes have high fitness
HW conditions
5
- no selection of specific traits
- no mutations
- no migrations
- large population
- random mating
CONDITIONS ARE NOT MET IN IRL POPS AS GENES ARE CONSTANTLY CHANGING
Sexual selection
makes it more likely for indvs. to choose a mate for successful mating
intrAsexual selection
between members of the same sex to compete for mating opportunities or territories
genetic drift
changes in allele frequency due to random chance
favors lost or fixation of an allele
- faster in smaller pops
cockroaches ex
IntErsexual selection
between members of the opposite sex
bottleneck effect
pop decreases dramatically and then it rebuilds
lowers genetic diversity at random
founder effect
small group separates from the larger population
typically has less genetic variation and allele frequencies may differ from og pop
a species migrating together
effects on genetic diversity etc
it increases gene flow and enhances genetic diversity within a population
decreases differences in allele frequencies between two population
