chap 31

Question 1

fungi characteristics

7

Answer 1

-absorptive Heterotroph (absorb organic carbon for nutrition)
-Sessile - fixed in 1 place
-Usually multicellular,
-Possess a cell wall made of chitin
-mycelium (feeding network) usually underground
-Decomposers, parasites, or mutualists

Question 2

fungi’s shared characteristics to animals

3

Answer 2

-Belongs to group Opisthonkona
-Heterotrophic
-Absorptive nutrition

Question 3

fungi reproduction

Answer 3

Sexual Reproduction:
-Grow towards pheromones
-Union of cytoplasm is plasmogamy and nuclei usually do not fuse right away
-Heterokaryon (means different nuclei) means the mycelium is dikaryotic (2 nuclei)
-Karyogamy - two nuclei fuse producing diploid cells

Asexual:
-Some reproduce by growing as filamentous fungi that produce spores often called molds
-Some reproduce by growing as single-celled yeasts by cell division or budding

Question 4

body structure and growth patterns of fungi

3

Answer 4

-Cell walls strengthened by chitin
-Water moves through it’s cells by osmosis (high –> low)
-Mycelium absorbs nutrients underground, fruiting body produces sexual spores

mycelium grows by extending its tips

Question 5

ecological roles of fungi (decomposer)

Answer 5

keep eco stocked with inorganic nutrients that are essential for plant growth

Question 6

eco roles of mycorrihizal fungi

Answer 6

Fungi supply phosphate and other minerals to plants’ roots in exchange for nutrients

Question 7

eco roles of fungi as a pathogen

3

Answer 7

-cause extensive mortality in amphibians
-several human diseases
-regulate populations

Question 8

eco roles of fungi as a producer with lichens

Answer 8

-Harbor cyanobacteria or algae in a symbiotic relationship
-Photosynthetic partner provides C compounds and fixes N
-Fungal partner provides habitat, protection, water and mineral retention which increases the uptake of minerals

Question 9

application of fungi with biotechnology

Answer 9

-Rely on fungi as decomposers, recyclers, and more productive farming
-Penicillin (antibiotics) is made from fungi
-Artificial insulin
-Alcohol

Question 10

mechanism of growth at the fungi hyphal tip

Answer 10

The tips of the hyphae grow so the fungi can travel as fast as possible and maximize SA

Question 11

Hyphae

Answer 11

tiny filaments that make up mycelium

Question 12

mycelium/mycelia

Answer 12

a mass of interwoven hyphae

Question 13

yeast

Answer 13

single-celled fungi

Question 14

mycorrhizae

Answer 14

Mutually beneficial relationship between any fungi and plant

Question 15

lichen

Answer 15

Symbiotic association between an alga and a fungus

Question 16

heterokaryotic

Answer 16

Two genetically different nuclei, unfused in one fungi cell

Question 17

dikaryotic

Answer 17

Two nuclei in one cell that divide with the cell

Question 18

Mold

Answer 18

pathogenic fungi

Question 19

decomposer

Answer 19

org that absorbs nutrients from a dead organism
breaks down the material into usable organic compounds.