chap 56

Question 1

5 main threats to the world’s biodiversity

Answer 1

• habitat fragmentation (NUM. 1 THREAT)
• introduced species
• overexploitation
• climate change
  – ocean acidification

Question 2

inbreeding + how its detrimental to pops

Answer 2

• breeding animals of diff species
• survivorship of offsping may decline
• increased genetic defects

Question 3

why are smaller pops at greater extinction risks

Answer 3

because they are threatened by the loss of genetic diversity

• can lead to gen. drift (random change in allele frequency)

-extinction vortex - increases interbreeding, lowers rep rates, decreases genetic variation and shrinks pop further

Question 4

species approach

Answer 4

preserves specific species

Question 5

SLOSS debate

Answer 5

“single large or several small”

evaluated whether a large area was more beneficial than multiple smaller areas

Question 6

human activities that are responsible for nutrient enrichment in aquatic ecosy.

• consequences for those ecosys

Answer 6

• trawling
• eutrophication
  – excess nutrients –> overgrow of algae

Question 7

biodiversity

Answer 7

variety of life in an ecosys

increases ecosystem function – better soil, more photo., more animals, more diversity

Question 8

genetic diversity

Answer 8

WITHIN a species

of gene variation in the pop.

Question 9

species diversity

Answer 9

WITHIN an ecosystem

of species in an eco

Question 10

ecosystem diversity

Answer 10

biodiversity that is seen throughout the ecosystem

Question 11

ecosystem service

Answer 11

function performed by an ecosystem that directly or indirectly benefits humans

Question 12

biomagnification

Answer 12

the concentration of the toxins of an organism increase as you go up the food chain

Question 13

habitat fragmentation

Answer 13

• main cause of extinction
• leads to the edge effect (species live on the edge of their habitat)
• leads to smaller pops.
• happens in the ocean as well - trawling

Question 14

introduced species

Answer 14

• competes with and can displace native species

Question 15

who is at greater risk for overexploitation

Answer 15

• K-selected species are at a greater risk

Question 16

climate change

Answer 16

• increases temp
• greenhouse gases increase
• species migrate, many shift to 30N or 30S. or go deeper into the ocean
• • they’ll become invasive

Question 17

ocean acidification

Answer 17

decreases the pH of the ocean

CO2 was absorbed by the atmosphere –> dissolved into the ocean –> creates carbonic acid (H2CO3) –> lowers the pH of the ocean –> decreases calcium carbonate (CaCO3)

Question 18

minimum viable pop

Answer 18

smallest pop where a species can maintain its size(#)

Question 19

effective pop size

Answer 19

(#) of indvs in the pop that contribute genes to the next gen

Question 20

phenology

Answer 20

timing of events in their life history
(eggs –> eggs hatch –> etc)

with cc, it will change the time of reproduction

Question 21

ecosystem approach

Answer 21

preserves habitat/biodiversity

• biodiversity hotspots - protects multiple species in specific areas

problem - humans wish to live there