Unit 1 List 2 Cell Energy

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

An organism that makes its own energy

Question 2

Light Reactions

Answer 2

A stage in photosynthesis that requires energy from the sun (Input: Sunlight, Water, NADP+, ADP) (Output: Oxygen, NADPH, ATP)

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

One of the most important pigments in photosynthesis; located in the chloroplast

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

The process in which plants use energy from the sun, water, and carbon dioxide to create glucose and a byproduct of oxygen

Question 5

Calvin Cycle

Answer 5

A process in photosynthesis that helps with light dependent and independent reactions

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

A group of proteins in the mitochondrial membrane where electrons pass through to release energy.

Question 7

Pigment

Answer 7

A colored material in a cell

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate - An electron donor (transfers electrons)used in photosynthesis.

Question 8

Heterotrophs

Answer 8

An organism that needs to eat food - gets energy from other organisms (Autotrophs or other Heterotrophs)

Question 8

Granum

Answer 8

A stack of thylakoids found in chloroplasts in plant cells

Question 8

Thylakoids

Answer 8

Sacks in chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll to absorb sunlight for photosynthesis

Question 9

Carbon Fixation

Answer 9

When plants convert carbon from the atmosphere into organic matter to fuel cellular respiration

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

The fluid in the space of the chloroplasts - provides support

Question 11

Mitochondrial Matrix

Answer 11

The inner space in a mitochondria surrounded by the membrane

Question 12

Carotenoids

Answer 12

A class of many pigments in plants that help with photosynthesis

Question 12

Aerobic Respiration

Answer 12

A chemical process where oxygen makes energy from carbohydrates

Question 13

Fermentation

Answer 13

When substances break down into smaller substances

Question 14

NAD+

Answer 14

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide - a chemical compound that transfers electrons in molecules.

Question 15

Glycolysis

Answer 15

When enzymes break up glucose, releasing energy

Question 16

NADH

Answer 16

nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen - an electron carrier in the citric acid cycle and is a part of glycolysis

Question 16

Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 16

A process in which glucose is converted into carbon dioxide and ethanol (alcohol) (Ethanol fermentation)

Question 17

Cellular Respiration

Answer 17

The process where oxygen is used to break down carbohydrates or food molecules to get energy for the function of the cell

Question 17

Krebs Cycle

Answer 17

A cycle in the mitochondria where almost all living cells produce energy (Citric Acid Cycle)

Question 18

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 18

A process where cells break down sugars to release energy when oxygen is not present

Question 19

Pyruvic Acid

Answer 19

An acid found in living cells that provides energy to cells through the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

Question 20

ATP

Answer 20

Adenosine Triphosphate - the source of energy and energy storage for cells

Question 20

Citric Acid

Answer 20

Citric acid is a tryarboxylic acid in the Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) that completes the break down of glucose to carbon dioxide

Question 21

ADP

Answer 21

Adenosine Diphosphate - the depleted version of ATP