Unit 1-Lesson 7 Enzymes

Question 1

What is activation energy?

Answer 1

a certain amount energy that is required to begin any reaction

Question 2

What is a catalyst?

Answer 2

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used in reaction

Question 3

How does a catalyst work?

Answer 3

a catalyst functions by lowering the activation energy of a reaction, allowing it to occur at a much faster rate

Question 4

What is an enzyme?

Answer 4

an enzyme is a protein molecule that acts as a catalyst to increase the rate of reactions

Question 5

In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, what are the reactants called?

Answer 5

substrate

Question 6

How does the induced-fit model system work?

Answer 6

substrates molecules bond to a particular site on a protein surface, called an active site, where catalysts take place
- active site and substrate must have compatible shapes for binding to occur

Question 7

What is induced-fit model?

Answer 7

binding of the substrate causes the enzyme to change shape and better accommodate the substrate

Question 8

What does the binding of a substrate to a active site produces?

Answer 8

the binding of a substrate to the active site produces on enzyme = substrate complex

Question 9

How does an enzyme function?

Answer 9

every enzyme has an optimal temperature and pH at which it works best

Question 10

What is the optimal pH for the human body?

Answer 10

7.35-7.45

Question 11

What are some characteristics of co-enzymes?

Answer 11

• organic
• shuttle molecules from one enzyme to another
• Examples: NAD+ and FAD+
  1. these usually get reduced to harvest energy
  2. acts as electron carriers

Question 12

What are some characteristics of co-factors?

Answer 12

• inorganic metal ions such as Zn 2+ and Mn 2+
  they help draw out electrons from the substrate where bonds need to be broken