Unit 1-Lesson 7 Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

What is activation energy?

A

a certain amount energy that is required to begin any reaction

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2
Q

What is a catalyst?

A

a catalyst is a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used in reaction

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3
Q

How does a catalyst work?

A

a catalyst functions by lowering the activation energy of a reaction, allowing it to occur at a much faster rate

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4
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

an enzyme is a protein molecule that acts as a catalyst to increase the rate of reactions

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5
Q

In an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, what are the reactants called?

A

substrate

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6
Q

How does the induced-fit model system work?

A

substrates molecules bond to a particular site on a protein surface, called an active site, where catalysts take place
- active site and substrate must have compatible shapes for binding to occur

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7
Q

What is induced-fit model?

A

binding of the substrate causes the enzyme to change shape and better accommodate the substrate

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8
Q

What does the binding of a substrate to a active site produces?

A

the binding of a substrate to the active site produces on enzyme = substrate complex

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9
Q

How does an enzyme function?

A

every enzyme has an optimal temperature and pH at which it works best

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10
Q

What is the optimal pH for the human body?

A

7.35-7.45

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11
Q

What are some characteristics of co-enzymes?

A
  • organic
  • shuttle molecules from one enzyme to another
  • Examples: NAD+ and FAD+
    1. these usually get reduced to harvest energy
    2. acts as electron carriers
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12
Q

What are some characteristics of co-factors?

A
  • inorganic metal ions such as Zn 2+ and Mn 2+
    they help draw out electrons from the substrate where bonds need to be broken
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