Unit 1-Lesson 2 Acids. Bases, and Buffers Flashcards

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1
Q

What ionization?

A

Ionization: occurs when 2 water molecules break apart into a hydronium ion H3O+ and a hydroxide ion OH-

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2
Q

How can you classify whether a substance is Basic or Acidic?

A

A substance that releases H+ ions in a solution is an Acid
A substance that releases OH- ions in solution is a Base

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3
Q

What is a Acid?

A

Acid: any substances that dissociates to form H3O+ (hydronium) ions when dissolved in water

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4
Q

List the properties of an Acid

A
  1. sour taste
  2. Conducts electricity
  3. Turns blue Litmus paper red
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5
Q

What is a Base?

A

Base: any substance that dissociates to for OH- (hydroxide) ions

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6
Q

What are the 2 ways that a substance can dissociate to form OH- ions?

A

Ionic bases containing OH- ions such as NaOH dissociate in water directly
Others need to combine with water in order to create OH- ions

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7
Q

What happens when you mix equal amounts of hydronium and hydroxide?

A

Water is formed

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7
Q

What is Neutralization?

A

Neutralization: the reaction of an acid and a base to produce water and a salt

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7
Q

What are the properties of a Base?

A
  1. Bitter taste
  2. Slippery
  3. Turns red Litmus paper blue
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8
Q

What is a Buffer?

A

Buffers: chemical systems containing a substance that can donate H+ ions when they are needed, and remove them when they are too many

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8
Q

What is the most important buffer in human extracellular fluid and blood?

A

Carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer

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9
Q

How can you speed up the Carbonic acid bicarbonate buffer?

A

With the help of an enzyme called carbonic anhydrase

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of Acidosis?

A
  1. A pH below 7.35
  2. Nausea
  3. Vomiting
  4. Fatigue
  5. Increased breathing
  6. Headaches
  7. Confusion
    If severe can lead to coma and death
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9
Q

What are the symptoms of Alkalosis?

A
  1. A pH above 7.45
  2. Confusion
  3. Hand tremors
  4. Lightheadness
  5. Muscle twitching
  6. Nausea, vomiting, numbness or tingling in the face
    If severe can lead to coma and death
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