Unit 1-Lesson 1 Biochemistry

Question 1

What does catabolism and anabolism create?

Answer 1

catabolism + anabolism = metabolism

Question 2

What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Answer 2

Catabolism: a chemical that degrades molecules
Anabolism: a chemical that builds up molecules

Question 3

What are the two different types of ions?

Answer 3

Cations: positively charged ions
Anions: negatively charge ions

Question 3

What are ions?

Answer 3

Ions are elements that have gained or lost electrons

Question 4

Where can ions be found?

Answer 4

Can be found dissolved in water such as cytoplasm and plasma of the blood

Question 5

What are Isotopes?

Answer 5

Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons ; which means they will have a different mass

Question 6

What are radioisotopes?

Answer 6

Isotopes that are radioactive and unstable

Question 6

What does half-life mean for radioisotopes?

Answer 6

How long it takes to get to half of its size

Question 7

What happens when radioisotopes break apart?

Answer 7

They give off radiation

Question 8

What are the three types of Hydrogen isotopes?

Answer 8

Protium: 1 proton
Deuterium: 1 proton, 1 neutron
Tritium: 1 proton, 2 neutron

Question 9

How can radioisotopes be used in medicine?

Answer 9

Radioisotopes are used in medical imagining; injected isotopes localize in specific tissues and release radiation outwards

Radioisotopes are also useful in tracing molecules in biochemical pathways

Question 10

What is electronegativity?

Answer 10

it is a measure of how strongly an atom attracts an electron to itself when involved in bonding
Non-Polar covalent: 0-0.5
Polar covalent: 0.6-1.7
Ionic: 1.7>

Question 11

What is the difference between a Ionic bond and a Covalent bond?

Answer 11

Ionic bonds form a bond between a metal and a non-metal

Covalent bonds form a bond between between two non-metals and electrons are shared rather than transferred

Question 12

What is the difference between a non-polar covalent bond and a polar covalent bond?

Answer 12

Non-polar covalent bond: when the nuclei of “like” atoms have the same attractive force for electrons, they can share electrons

Polar covalent bonds: One atoms attracts the shared electrons with more strength leading to unequal sharing and non uniform distribution. One end of the bond will be electronegative

Question 13

What does VSEPR stand for?

Answer 13

Valence shell electron pair repulsion

Question 13

What is the VSEPR theory?

Answer 13

the VSEPR theory states that bond pairs of electrons repel one another, and lone pairs of electrons take up more space than bond pairs

Question 14

What are the four basic shapes that commons in organic molecules?

Answer 14

1. Linear
2. Bent or V-shaped
3. Tetrahedral
4. Pyramidal

Question 15

What is the particle theory?

Answer 15

the particle theory states there are forces between particles and the forces increase as the particles get closer

Question 16

What are the 3 different forces?

Answer 16

London dispersion forces
Hydrogen bonding
Dipole-dipole

Question 17

Describe London dispersion forces

Answer 17

London dispersion forces (LDF): occurs when protons in one atom or molecule attract the electron in a neighbouring atom or molecule (all substances have LDF b/c their particles have protons and electron

Question 18

Describe Hydrogen bonding forces

Answer 18

Hydrogen bonding: occurs only in polar molecules that have hydrogen and at least one of the following atoms: N, O, or F –> they are attracted to hydrogen atoms because there highly electronegative atoms

Question 19

Describe Dipole-dipole forces

Answer 19

Dipole-dipole forces: occurs in only in polar molecules, occurs when oppositely charged poles momentarily attract one another

Question 20

What forces is the strongest, and what forces is the weakest?

Answer 20

Strongest: Hydrogen bonding
Weakest: London dispersion forces

Question 21

Water is a organic molecule. T/F

Answer 21

False. Water is NOT an organic molecule but is essential for life on this planet

Question 22

What are the physical properties of water?

Answer 22

Colourless and transparent
Liquid at room temperature
Density = 1.0g/mL
M.P. = 0 c , b.p. = 100 c

Question 23

Does water have cohesive and adhesive properties?

Answer 23

Yes, water has cohesive and adhesive properties