Unit 1-Lesson 1 Biochemistry Flashcards
What does catabolism and anabolism create?
catabolism + anabolism = metabolism
What is the difference between catabolism and anabolism?
Catabolism: a chemical that degrades molecules
Anabolism: a chemical that builds up molecules
What are the two different types of ions?
Cations: positively charged ions
Anions: negatively charge ions
What are ions?
Ions are elements that have gained or lost electrons
Where can ions be found?
Can be found dissolved in water such as cytoplasm and plasma of the blood
What are Isotopes?
Isotopes are atoms that have the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons ; which means they will have a different mass
What are radioisotopes?
Isotopes that are radioactive and unstable
What does half-life mean for radioisotopes?
How long it takes to get to half of its size
What happens when radioisotopes break apart?
They give off radiation
What are the three types of Hydrogen isotopes?
Protium: 1 proton
Deuterium: 1 proton, 1 neutron
Tritium: 1 proton, 2 neutron
How can radioisotopes be used in medicine?
Radioisotopes are used in medical imagining; injected isotopes localize in specific tissues and release radiation outwards
Radioisotopes are also useful in tracing molecules in biochemical pathways
What is electronegativity?
it is a measure of how strongly an atom attracts an electron to itself when involved in bonding
Non-Polar covalent: 0-0.5
Polar covalent: 0.6-1.7
Ionic: 1.7>
What is the difference between a Ionic bond and a Covalent bond?
Ionic bonds form a bond between a metal and a non-metal
Covalent bonds form a bond between between two non-metals and electrons are shared rather than transferred
What is the difference between a non-polar covalent bond and a polar covalent bond?
Non-polar covalent bond: when the nuclei of “like” atoms have the same attractive force for electrons, they can share electrons
Polar covalent bonds: One atoms attracts the shared electrons with more strength leading to unequal sharing and non uniform distribution. One end of the bond will be electronegative
What does VSEPR stand for?
Valence shell electron pair repulsion
What is the VSEPR theory?
the VSEPR theory states that bond pairs of electrons repel one another, and lone pairs of electrons take up more space than bond pairs
What are the four basic shapes that commons in organic molecules?
- Linear
- Bent or V-shaped
- Tetrahedral
- Pyramidal
What is the particle theory?
the particle theory states there are forces between particles and the forces increase as the particles get closer
What are the 3 different forces?
London dispersion forces
Hydrogen bonding
Dipole-dipole
Describe London dispersion forces
London dispersion forces (LDF): occurs when protons in one atom or molecule attract the electron in a neighbouring atom or molecule (all substances have LDF b/c their particles have protons and electron
Describe Hydrogen bonding forces
Hydrogen bonding: occurs only in polar molecules that have hydrogen and at least one of the following atoms: N, O, or F –> they are attracted to hydrogen atoms because there highly electronegative atoms
Describe Dipole-dipole forces
Dipole-dipole forces: occurs in only in polar molecules, occurs when oppositely charged poles momentarily attract one another
What forces is the strongest, and what forces is the weakest?
Strongest: Hydrogen bonding
Weakest: London dispersion forces
Water is a organic molecule. T/F
False. Water is NOT an organic molecule but is essential for life on this planet
What are the physical properties of water?
Colourless and transparent
Liquid at room temperature
Density = 1.0g/mL
M.P. = 0 c , b.p. = 100 c
Does water have cohesive and adhesive properties?
Yes, water has cohesive and adhesive properties
