UNIT 1 - Lecture 5: Non-Regenerative Anemia

Question 1

What are typical non-regen anemia findings?

Answer 1

Normocytic, normochromic w/o reticulocytosis

Question 2

What are 2 causes of non-regen anemia?

Answer 2

1. Reduced erythropoiesis
2. Ineffective erythropoiesis

Question 3

What is the most common cause for a mild to moderate non-regen anemia? What are the findings?

Answer 3

Anemia of chronic dz/inflammation;

Normocytic, normochromic, non-specific

Inflam leukogram, +/- rouleaux, low Fe, increased Igs, increased acute phase proteins

Question 4

How does anemia of chronic dz/inflammation affect EPO?

Answer 4

erythropoiesis decreased by inflam CKs –> decreased EPO production or cellular response to EPO

Question 5

What type of anemia does chronic kidney dz cause?

Answer 5

Non-regen, mild to moderate

Question 6

How does CKD contribute to anemia?

Answer 6

Loss of functional kidney tissue –> decreased EPO –> cannot maintin normal rate of erythropoiesis

Question 7

What are typical concurrent findings of non-regen anemia with CKD?

Answer 7

Azotemia, increased SDMA, isosthenuria, electrolyte disturbances, PU/PD, malaise, vomiting, diarrhea

Question 8

What cell lines are affected by diseases causing marrow hypoplasia/aplasia?

Answer 8

ALL cell lines - RBCs, WBCs, platelets

Question 9

What are potential causes of marrow hypoplasia/aplasia?

Answer 9

1. Infectious agents
2. Drugs/toxins
3. Irradiation
4. Myelophthisis

Question 10

What are 4 diseases causing selective erythroid hypoplasia or aplasia?

Answer 10

1. Pure Red Cell Aplasia (PRCA)
2. FeLV-induced erythroid hypoplasia
3. Endocrine diseases
4. Liver dz

Question 11

In PRCA, other cell lines are _____.

Answer 11

unaffected

Question 12

What endocrine diseases cause erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia?

Answer 12

1. Hypothyroidism
2. Hypoadrenocorticism
3. Hyperestrogenism

Question 13

How does liver dz cause erythroid hypoplasia/aplasia?

Answer 13

Defectice AA and protein synthesis and abnormal lipid metabolism and/or AID

Question 14

How is Fe deficiency related to non-regen anemia?

Answer 14

Chronic external blood loss depletes Fe –> Fe unavailable to RBC production

Question 15

Why is copper important in non-regen anemia?

Answer 15

It is an essential cofactor for enzymes required for iron uptake from the GIT

Question 16

Why is folate (B12) important in non-regen anemia?

Answer 16

Folate and cobalamin required for DNA synthesis –> deficiencies can result in abnormal RBC development

Question 17

In addition to being necessary for erythropoiesis, iron is necessary for what other important cell processes?

Answer 17

1. DNA synthesis
2. Energy production
3. Defense

Question 18

Why is Fe regulation tightly controlled?

Answer 18

Iron can cause cell damage due to the formation of reactive oxygen spp

Question 19

What is hepcidin and what is it involved with?

Answer 19

Protein that is the key regulator of iron;

Involved with anemia of inflammatory dz

Question 20

Why is serum [Fe] not commonly tested for?

Answer 20

Hemolysis or lipemia can cause interference;

It represents amount of Fe bound to transferrin

Question 21

What are causes of hypoferremia?

Answer 21

1. Random transient variation
2. Dexamethasone injections (cattle)
3. Decreased absorption or intake
4. Sequestration with inflammation, cancer, or PSS
5. Loss from chronic, external blood loss

Question 22

What are causes of hyperferremia?

Answer 22

1. Random transient variation can occur
2. Corticosteroid admin in dogs and horses
3. Hepatic necrosis (releases stored Fe)
4. Increased RBC turnover (hemolytic anemia)
5. Decreased erythropoiesis (PRCA)
6. iron overload