Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Pathology > UNIT 1 - Lecture 10: Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils > Flashcards

UNIT 1 - Lecture 10: Monocytes, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils, Basophils Flashcards

1
Q

What two “pools” do monocytes have in circulation?

A

circulating and marginating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which line of defense are monocytes?

A

second line

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When do monocytes come into tissues?

A

After NPs “clean up” debris as a MP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are monocytes that marginate then emigrate into tissues classified as?

A

“short lived”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are monocytes that are residents in organs classified as? What are the AKA?

A

“long lived” = macrophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an increase in the circulating monocyte pool called?

A

monocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is inflammatory monocytosis associated with?

A

Non-acute to chronic inflammation (>7-10 days)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What species have corticosteroid monocytosis?

A

dogs

(sometimes cats)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a decrease in monocytes called and when is it seen?

A

monocytopenia;

rarely seen, often of no clinical significance

(all WBC lines may be decreased in the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do B cells mature?

A

In the bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What type of tissues are B cells found in and what are the specific tissues?

A

Peripheral lymphoid tissues;

Spleen, LNs, MALT, GALT, BALT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do T cells mature?

A

Thymus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In what tissues are T cells found?

A

Peripheral lymphoid tissue - effector cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Where do lymphocytes circulate?

A

Between blood, tissues, and lymphoid tissue via blood and lymphatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

T/F: Microscopic appearance cannot differentiate monocyte subsets (B cells vs. T cells)

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can you differentiate between B and T cells in peripheral blood?

A

ID surface Rs and/or lymphocyte clonality (flow cytometry or PCR for Ag R rearrangement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the 5 main causes for lymphocytosis?

A
  1. Physiologic
  2. Antigenic stimulation
  3. Inflammation
  4. Lymphoproliferative disease
  5. Lack of glucocorticoids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are physiologic causes for lymphocytosis?

A

Epinephrine/catecholamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an example of lymphoproliferative disease that causes lymphocytosis?

A

lymphoid neoplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is an example of lack of glucocorticoids causing lymphocytosis?

A

Addison’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does epinephrine cause lymphocytosis?

A

Increases blood flow rate, shifts MLP to CLP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When can we see lymphocytosis in health?

A

Common in young animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In some spp, the RI results for lymphocytosis in health may be the result of _____ and _____.

A

sampling, epinephrine release

24
Q

How can antigenic stimulation cause lymphocytosis?

A

There is chronic cytokine stimulation, altered lymphocyte circulation, lymphoid hyperplasia, and reactive lymphocytes

25
Q

What are reactive lymphocytes?

A

LCs that are larger in size with a deep blue cytoplasm, seen secondary to antigen stimulus.

26
Q

T/F: Reactive lymphocytes are specific.

A

False - they are non-specific

27
Q

When are reactive lymphocytes seen?

A

With infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and immune-mediated disorders

28
Q

What cell type can be increased with recent vaccination?

A

Lymphocytes because the immune system has been stimulated (antigenic stimulation)

29
Q

What lymphoproliferative diseases are associated with lymphocytosis?

A
  1. Leukemic (blood) stage of lymphoma
  2. Lymphocytic leukemia
  3. Virus-associated (Bovine leukosis virus [BLV], Felike leukemia virus [FeLV])
30
Q

When should you consider Addison’s?

A

When you expect lymphopenia and an obviously stressed dog has lymphocytosis

31
Q

What impact do glucocorticoids have on lymphocyte production?

A

When present/increased, glucocorticoids function to inhibit lymphocyte production and alter distribution –> lymphopenia

32
Q

What are the 4 major causes of lymphopenia?

A
  1. Corticosteroid lymphopenia
  2. Acute inflammatory lymphopenia
  3. Viral associated lymphopenia
  4. Lymphocyte depletion
33
Q

What is the most common cause of lymphopenia and what spp is it observed in?

A

corticosteroid lymphopenia; observed in dogs

34
Q

How can corticosteroids cause lymphopenia?

A

Shift from CLP to other pools;

Lymphotoxic effects - lymphoid hypoplasia, decreased lymphopoiesis

35
Q

What happens with acute inflammatory lymphopenia?

A

Increased adherence and margination/emigration from vessels into tissues via inflammatory mediators;

Homing of LCs to LNs;

Trapping of LCs in the nodes

36
Q

What are examples of viruses that can cause lymphopenia?

A

Parvoviruses, FIP, FeLV, FIV, canine infectious hepatitis, canine distemper

37
Q

What can cause lymphopenia due to depletion?

A
  1. Loss of lymph with LCs
  2. 3rd space accumulation of lymphatic fluid
  3. Protein losing enteropathies
  4. Certain drugs
38
Q

What spp have “grey eosinophils”?

A

Sighthounds (i.e. Greyhounds)

39
Q

What is eosinophil production called?

A

eosinopoiesis

40
Q

What can eosinophil granule contents do?

A

Induce tissue damage

41
Q

How do eosinophils get into tissues and how long are they there for?

A

They marginate/emigrate;

weeks to months

42
Q

What are the 3 main functions of eosinophils?

A
  1. Contain histaminase that degrades/inactivates histamine
  2. Phagocytic/bactericidal
  3. Anti-parasitic
43
Q

What 3 things can cause eosinophilia?

A
  1. Allergic/hypersensitivity reaction and disorders
  2. Parasitism
  3. Inflammation of hollow organs
44
Q

What are examples of allergic/hypersensitivity reactions that can cause eosinophilia?

A

Flea bite dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, asthma

45
Q

What are additional, more minor causes of eosinophilia?

A
  1. Mast cell degranulation
  2. Hypoadrenocorticism
  3. Idiopathic
46
Q

What are 2 causes of eosinopenia?

A
  1. Acute inflammation
  2. Corticosteroid
47
Q

How often can we see eosinopenia due to acute inflammation and corticosteroids?

A

Acute inflammation = rare

Corticosteroids = sometimes

48
Q

How can acute inflammation cause eosinopenia?

A

By release of small amounts of chemotactic factors in tissue for cell recruitment

49
Q

How can corticosteroids cause eosinopenia?

A

They impair eosinophil release from marrow;

They cause increased margination/sequestration of blood eosinophils

50
Q

What is basophil production activated by?

A

IgE, IL-3, C5a, bacterial peptides

51
Q

What are 4 causes for basophilia?

A
  1. Allergic/hypersensitivity disorders
  2. Parasitism
  3. Infectious disease
  4. Neoplasia
52
Q

How often do we see mast cells in circulation?

A

rarely

53
Q

What does mast cell degranulation do in regards to eosinophils?

A

Releases a variety of mediators that are chemotactic for eosinophils

54
Q

What are 2 types of inflammatory diseases in which we can find mast cells?

A
  1. Enteritis (parvo in dogs)
  2. Feline asthma
55
Q

What neoplasms are associated with mast cells in circulation?

A

Mast cell neoplasia, Leukemia, lymphoma

Clinical Pathology (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions