UNIT 1 - Lecture 3: Anemia Flashcards
What are general causes of anemia?
- Increased RBC loss (hemorrhage)
- increased RBC destruction (hemolysis)
- Decreased production
Renal hypoxia stimulates _____ release from the _____.
EPO, kidney
How long does RBC maturation take?
~3-5 days
What are the RIs for anemia in dogs?
Mild = 30-36%
Moderate = 18-29%
Severe = <18%
What are the RIs for anemia in cats?
Mild = 25-30%
Moderate = 15-25%
Severe = <15%
How would you describe a dog with PCV 14% and MCV/MCHC WRI?
severe, normocytic, normochromic anemia
How would you describe a cat with PCV 20%, increased MCV, and decreased MCHC?
moderate, macrocytic, hypochromic anemia
What things should you look for with regen anemia in non-horse spp?
- Decreased MCHC
- Increased MCV
- Reticulocytosis
- Polychromasia on smear
What should you look for in marrow with regen anemia?
RBC hyperplasia (increased # of RBC precursors)
What are the RIs for regeneration in the dog?
None = <60K - 80K
Minimal = 80K - 100K
Mild = 100K - 150K
Moderate = 150K to 300K
Marked = >300K
What are the RIs for regeneration in the cat?
None = <50K
Minimal = 50K - 80K
Mild = 80K - 100K
Moderate = 100K - 200K
Marked = >200K
What spp might have low #s of nRBC in healthy animals?
Dogs, cats, and camelids
When do you have to correct the WBC count?
If there are ~ or > 5 nRBCs / 100 WBCs in circulation
What is rubricytosis? What is it associated with?
Increased nRBCs in blood;
associated with regeneration
Why is rubricytosis not a specific indicator of regeneration?
It can occur in non-anemic animals
What are causes for inappropriate rubricytosis?
- Damage to marrow (hypoxia, inflammation, neoplasia, fx, lead poisoning, heat stroke)
- Splenic changes (EMH, contraction, splenectomy)
What is basophilic stippling? When is it seen?
Spontaneous aggregation of rRNA in RBC cytoplasm;
Seen with regen (esp rmts), lead poisoning
What is the umbrella term for abnormally shaped RBCs?
poikilocytes
What are echinocytes?
Spiculated RBCs with evenly distributed, fairly uniform, short projections
What are artifactual causes for echinocytes? Drugs? Disease?
Artifact = aged, blood, excess EDTA, RBC dehydration, increased pH
Drugs = salicylates, phenylbutazone, furosemide, chemo
Disease = lytes depletion, renal dz, PK deficiency, snake venom, bee sting
Echinocytes are most commonly _____ with little pathogenic relevance.
artifactual
What are target cells (codocytes)?
Cells with increased surface to vol ratio; only observed in dogs (normal in low #s)
What diseases can target cells be associated with?
Iron deficiency anemia, liver dz, hypothyroidism
What are stomatocytes? When are they seen?
RBCs with elongated areas of central pallor;
Seen in low #s with regen anemia, liver dz, plumbism
