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STLCC Psychology 100 Anis McLin-Morris > Unit 1 History Psychology > Flashcards

Unit 1 History Psychology Flashcards

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1
Q

Before the creation of the field of Psychology, which three philosophers were first to teach others their ideas about the psyche or mind?

A

Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

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2
Q

What type of philosophers are given credit as original founders of psychological concepts?

A

Greek philosophers

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3
Q

Who promoted the idea that a mental illness was like a medical condition?
Also defined a “fear within the psyche” as a Phobia

A

Hipocrates

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4
Q

In Early years of treatment what was the primary belief was the reason people had mental illness?

A

Demonic Posession

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5
Q

What were the earliest hospitals for the mentally ill called?

A

Asylums

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6
Q

What was the name of the wooden container that confined patients while exposing them to a hot sauna-like experience?

A

Steam Cabinet

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7
Q

What was the name of the wooden chair with physical restraints for the body and sensory deprivation for the head?

A

Tranquility Chair

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8
Q

Who was famous for an abrupt personality change after an accident where a railroad rod damaged his brain?

A

Phineas Gage

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9
Q

When researchers knowingly hide or alter data to misrepresent their findings this is called what?

A

Researcher Bias

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10
Q

Why was Psychology heavily criticized in early years?

A

Incorrectly using scientific method/Pseudoscience

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11
Q

What is a stigma?

A

Negative view of something, disapproval/discrimination of something/someone by society

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12
Q

Define “Psychology”

A

The scientific study of mental processes and associated behaviors

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13
Q

What are two examples of a mental process impacting behavior?

A

1) Feeling emotion (happy)= display behavior (smile)
2) (behavior) sleeping = dreaming (mental process)

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14
Q

Differentiate terms; Nature, Nurture, Fetal Origins

A

Nature=Genetic influence
Nurture=Environmental influence
Fetal Origins=Prenatal influences

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15
Q

Who is most famous/ influential psychologist?

A

Sigmund Freud

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16
Q

What is the Unconscious?

A

Part of the psyche hidden from us, such as childhood memories/experiences

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17
Q

What psychological perspective focused on early childhood, sexuality and unconscious?

A

Psychoanalysis

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18
Q

Who founded psychoanalysis?
Psychotherapy/ talk-therapy

A

Sigmund Freud

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19
Q

Which psychological perspective focused on talk therapy?

A

Psychoanalysis

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20
Q

Which psychological perspective believes problems with mental processes come from struggle with hierarchy of needs?

A

Humanism

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21
Q

What is most effective research supported psychotherapy?

A

cognitive/ behavioral therapy

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22
Q

What is an example of what an evolutionary psychologist would do?

A

Ex: Track how communication between humans has changed over time, with technology etc.

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23
Q

What is an example of what a Biological/ Neurological Psychologist would do

A

Ex: Measure impact of medications on hormones and neurotransmitters

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24
Q

Differentiate terms
-Neurodiversity
-Neurotypical
-Neuroatypical

A

Neurodiversity = everyone is unique
Neurotypical = Mental processes in normal range
Neuroatypical = Mental processes in abnormal range

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25
Q

Who is commonly given credit for coining the word “Psychology” because he published it first?

A

Rudolph Goclenius

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26
Q

Who did historians discover actually used the word “Psychology” first in personal journals?

A

Marco Marulic

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27
Q

Who created the Scientific Method?

A

Sir Francis Bacon

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28
Q

Which Procedure did Walter Freeman create for severe mental illness?

A

Transorbital Lobotomy

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29
Q

Compare/contrast a list of indicators that a field is using scientific method correctly s incorrectly:

A

Correct if:
-Hypothesis predicts measurable outcome
-accurate / valid data (empirical evidence) is collected
-Results are reliable / replicable
-Results are generalizable / useful to most / all people

30
Q

Which psychological perspective focused on perceptions . experiences rather than breaking them down?
ex: Misunderstanding a situation because we only hear one side

A

Gestalt

31
Q

Who founded Gestalt?

A

Max Wertheimer

32
Q

Who was the first woman to fulfill educational requirements as psychologist but denied a degree due to gender?

A

Mary Clakins

33
Q

Who was the first woman to actually hold a PHD in psychology in the U.S.?

A

Margaret Washburn

34
Q

Who was the first African American to earn a PHD in Psychology in the U.S.?

A

Francis Sumner

35
Q

Who was the first African American woman to earn a PHD in Psychology in the U.S.?

A

Inez Prosser

36
Q

Who are the founders of Humanism?

A

Carol Rogers and Abraham Maslow

37
Q

What is the Humanism term for reaching one’s highest potential of functioning?

A

Self-Actualization

38
Q

Which type of psychotherapy focuses on changing mal-adaptive processes?

A

Cognitive Therapy

39
Q

Who created cognitive therapy?

A

Aaron Beck

40
Q

What are three strategies of cognitive therapy?

A

-mindfulness
-visualizations
-guided imagery
-cognitive reprogramming

41
Q

What are three non-therapeutic ways modern psychologists can apply the field?

A

-Education/teacher
-Industrial-Organizational (Improving work environment)
-Forensic/ law enforcement profilers

42
Q

What would a Social-Cultural Psychologist do?

A

Study specific mental processes and behaviors based on socio-cultural background

43
Q

Define undoing?

A

Trying to atone for past mistakes

44
Q

Define Denial?

A

Unable to accept the truth

45
Q

Define Regression?

A

Reverting to an immature method of coping when something goes wrong

46
Q

Define Suppresion?

A

Intentionally forgetting something traumatic

47
Q

Define Repression?

A

Unintentionally forgetting something traumatic

48
Q

Define Somatic Reaction

A

Having symptoms of illness due to psychological distress

49
Q

Define Reaction Formation?

A

Having an opposite reaction from what you expect/expected

50
Q

Define Projection?

A

Casting your thoughts / feelings onto others; predicting they are the same

51
Q

Define Displacement?

A

Expressing yourself indirectly (placing emotions somewhere else)

52
Q

Define Rationalization?

A

Making excuses to justify misbehavior

53
Q

Define Acting Out?

A

Expressing yourself directly and usually inappropriately, confrontational

54
Q

Define Sublimation?

A

Coping in a way that helps you and others deal with a trauma

55
Q

Define Intellectualization?

A

Avoiding your emotions so you can function

56
Q

How many Ego Defense mechanisms are there?

A

Thirteen

57
Q

What three things did Freud contribute to psychology?

A

-Levels of awareness
-personality structures
-Psychoanalysis

58
Q

What are the three levels of consciousness?

A

-Conscious = Actively Aware
-Preconscious = Able to remember
-Unconscious = hidden from awareness

59
Q

What are the three personality structures?

A

-Id
-Ego
-Superego

60
Q

List three strategies Freud used to psychoanalize?

A

-Free association
-Dream analysis
-Ego defense mechanisms

61
Q

Who founded Behaviorism?

A

John B Watson

62
Q

Which psychological perspective focused on Ivan Pavlov’s idea of classical conditioning?

A

Behaviorism

63
Q

Who is the founder of functionalism?

A

William James

64
Q

Which psychological perspective focused on adaptiveness influenced by Charles Darwin’s idea of evolution?

A

Functionalism

65
Q

Who was the founder of Structuralism /Introspection?

A

E. B. Titchener

66
Q

Which psychological perspective focused on breaking experiences down to sensory parts?

A

Structuralism / Introspection

67
Q

Who established the first laboratory for scientific research in the U.S.?Founded the American Psychological Association? Discovered “Adolescence”?

A

G. Stanley Hall

68
Q

Who identified/coined the term “Interactive Dualism”?

A

Rene Descartes

69
Q

Who is given the title “Father of Psychology”?
Also established first laboratory to conduct scientific psychological research?

A

Wilhelm Wundt

70
Q

Who won the Nobel prize for developing the first psychosurgery? What was the procedure?

A

Egaz Moniz
Lobotomy

STLCC Psychology 100 Anis McLin-Morris (7 decks)

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