Unit 1 - Health and Nutrition

Question 1

Monosaccharides of carbohydrates

Answer 1

glucose
fructose
deoxyribose

Question 2

Monomers of carbs

Answer 2

monosaccharides

Question 3

Monomers of lipids

Answer 3

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 4

define homeostasis

Answer 4

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 5

define homeostasis

Answer 5

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

Question 6

What hormone lowers blood sugar levels

Answer 6

insulin

Question 7

where is insulin produced/released

Answer 7

the pancreas

Question 8

How and where does glucagon affect blood sugar levels

Answer 8

turns glycogen into glucose
in the liver

Question 9

How and where does insulin lower blood sugar levels

Answer 9

by turning glucose into glycogen
in the liver

Question 10

Cellular respiration is

Answer 10

the process through which cells convert fuel into energy and nutrients

Question 11

what is stimulus

Answer 11

a change in the external environment

Question 12

disaccharides of carbohydrates

Answer 12

sucrose
maltose
lactose

Question 13

polysaccharides of carbohydrates

Answer 13

cellulose
starch
glycogen

Question 14

sources of carbs in food

Answer 14

good source:
bread, rice, pasta, beans, corn

bad source:
soda, cookies, pastries, cakes, sweet desserts

Question 15

What are the functions of mono and disaccharides

Answer 15

act as an energy source

Question 16

what are the functions of polysaccharides

Answer 16

to store energy

Question 17

what do we use energy for

Answer 17

heat production
active transport (movement of molecules across the cell membranes)
nerve impulse
cell division (growth)
respiration
muscle contraction and movement

Question 18

equation for aerobic respiration

Answer 18

oxygen + glucose = water + carbon dioxide + ATP

Question 19

equation for anaerobic respiration

Answer 19

glucose = lactic acid + ATP

Question 20

what is oxygen debt

Answer 20

when the body needs to breathe in more oxygen to be able to break down the lactic acid build up in the muscles

Question 21

where does cell respiration take place

Answer 21

in the mitochondria

Question 22

what factors need to be controlled in the body (homeostasis)

Answer 22

blood sugar
temperature
water
pH

Question 23

Diabetes type 1:
- what age does it develop
- what factors cause it
- what is it
- how can it be treated

Answer 23

• early childhood (can develop later)
• caused by genetics
• Not enough insulin is produced
• insulin shots / extra insulin

Question 24

Diabetes type 2:
- what age does it develop
- what factors cause it
- what is it
- how can it be treated
- why is it becoming more prevalent

Answer 24

• can develop at any age
• unhealthy diet/lifestyle
• cells become resistant to insulin
• eating healthier and getting more exercise
• less active lifestyles and fast food is more accessible and cheap

Question 25

what is a negative feedback loop

Answer 25

a reaction in a system that leads to a decrease of that reaction/a system that reduces the fluctuations in the output

Question 26

what is epidemiology

Answer 26

Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants (causes and risk factors) of health-related states and events in specified populations.

Question 27

what is correlation

Answer 27

when two things are related but not caused by each other
often related to a third factor

Question 28

where is fat stored
how much fat can be stored
what molecule is “fat”

Answer 28

adipose tissue
it is a limitless storage
triglyceride

Question 29

what is the name for the following:
1 glycerol + 1 fatty acid
1 glycerol + 2 fatty acid
1 glycerol + 3 fatty acid

Answer 29

monoglyceride
diglyceride
triglyceride

Question 30

what happens to excess macromolecules (carbohydrates)

Answer 30

first any excess is converted from glucose to glycogen and stored in the liver
anything not stored in the lover is turned into triglyceride and is stored in adipose tissue

Question 31

what is trans fat
what is its shape

Answer 31

fatty acids where the hydrogen bonds are on opposite sides of a double bond
it has a straight chain of carbons

Question 32

what is cis fat
what is its shape

Answer 32

fatty acids where the hydrogen bonds are on the same side of a double bond
it has a kink/bend in a chain of carbons

Question 33

what is saturated fat
what is its shape

Answer 33

a chain of fatty acids containing no double bonds
it has a straight chain of carbons

Question 34

what is monounsaturated fat
what is its shape

Answer 34

a chain of fatty acids containing one double bonds
it puts a bend in a straight chain of carbons (angle depends on trans or cis)

Question 35

what is polyunsaturated fat
what is its shape

Answer 35

a chain of fatty acids containing multiple double bonds
it puts a bend in a straight chain of carbons (angle depends on trans or cis)

Question 36

which fatty acid is the worse in terms of health
why

Answer 36

trans fat
increases LDL cholesterol and decreases HDL cholesterol (double effect)

Question 37

what fatty acid is the best in terms of health
why

Answer 37

polyunsaturated cis fat
increases HDL and lowers LDL

Question 38

what does LDL stand for
is it bad or good
why/what does it do

Answer 38

Low density lipoprotein
Bad for your health
It carries fats and cholesterol around the body through the bloodstream and can harden/block the arteries.

Question 39

what is cholesterol
where is it made

Answer 39

a lipid
liver

Question 40

what does HDL stand for
is it bad or good
why/what does it do

Answer 40

High density lipoprotein
Good for your health
Removes cell impurities and picks up cholesterol in the body and delivers it back to the liver

Question 41

what is CVD

Answer 41

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the general term used to describe conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels.

Question 42

What is CHD

Answer 42

Coronary heart disease is the damage or disease in the heart’s major blood vessels

Question 43

what increases risk of coronary heart disease

Answer 43

Diet: Diet high in trans and saturated fats (LDL)
Lifestyle: High in stress (increases blood pressure), low exercise, smoking
Genetics: diabetes, male, heritage

Question 44

Why are trans fats more prevalent

Answer 44

Unsaturated fats don’t last for a long time so through a process called hydrogenation they are turned into saturated fats. When they are hydrogenated, sometimes the process is incomplete and creates trans unsaturated fats as a byproduct.
They are technically cheaper to leave in food and they make food last longer

Question 45

functions of lipids

Answer 45

• energy storage
• buoyancy (water animals)
• insulation
• cell membrane
• waterproofing
• protection of organs
• steroid hormones

Question 46

what foods are lipids found in

Answer 46

• fatty fishes and meats
• seeds
• nuts
• oils
• cheese
• butter
• chocolate
• avocado

Question 47

what foods are trans fats found in

Answer 47

• fried food
• processed food
• commercial baked goods (cakes, cookies and pies)
• microwave popcorn
• frozen pizza.
• refrigerated dough (biscuits and rolls)

Question 48

what foods are monounsaturated fats found in

Answer 48

• avocados
• peanuts
• seeds
• olive oil

Question 49

what foods are polyunsaturated fats found in

Answer 49

• soybeans
• walnuts
• sunflower oil
• mackerel
• salmon

Question 50

what foods are saturated fats found in

Answer 50

• coconut oil
• dairy
• fatty meats (sausages, bacon, cured meat)
• butter
• cakes and biscuits
• cheese