Unit 1 Flashcards
Neuron Anatomy
Axons
role
Involed in sending an impulse to the synapse area or to an effector.
Fill in the Blank
Impulses that are going towards the CNS are called ____ and impulses going away from the CNS are called ____.
afferent; efferent
afferent; to carry forward information from the periphery to the CNS.
efferent; to carry away information away from the CNS to muscles, glands, and organs.
Cells
Explain the function, shape and location of an Astrocyte cell.
Surrounds blood vessels
Supplies food, water, and ions from periphery to the CNS
maintains CNS homeostasis
roles in neurogenesis
Shape: star-shaped glial cells (think stars)
Location: The CNS (brain and spinal cors)
astro; “star”
cyte; “receptable,” “body”
Synapses
Define synapse
define
A junction where one neuron sending a message to a target neuron- another cell. In a sense, it is neurons “talking” to one another.
syn; “together” or “with”
Synapses
Name the different types of synapses
chemical (majority), communicates using chemical messangers.
electrical (some) ions flow directly between cells
Neuron’s Membrane Potential
Explain what polarized means.
aka; resting potential
ize; to cause to be or become
when the membrane potential is at rest (-70mV)
higher conc. of neg. charged ions inside the cell compared to ouside.
Neuron’s Membrane Potential
Explain the Sodium-Potassium Pump.
Three sodium ions (NA+) come out of the cell while two potassium (K+) ions go into the cell.
This is to help keep the potential membrane since there are more positive ions being pumped out than in.
Peripheral Nervous System - Sub
Explain what the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) is.
involved in phsyiological processes including
heart rate
blood pressure
respiration
digestion
sexual arousal
works with hypothalamus & medulla
Peripheral Nervous System- tertiary
Explain what the Sympathetic Nervous System is.
sub of ANS
mobilizes energy during stress or arousal
helps activate “fight-or-flight response”
accelerate heart rate
widen bronchial passages
decrease motility of large intestine
constrict blood vessels
activate goose bumps
sweat
raise blood pressure
charlie, don’t put your hand in ice water!
Ion Channel
membrane-spanning proteins that allow ions to pass through
glial cells
Explain the function and location of microglia
The primary immune defense system of the CNS.
travels throughout the brain and spinal cord to remove things such as
-damaged neurons
-pathogens
-other foreign substances
glial cells
Explain the function and location of macroglia
cells that regulate the retinal metabolism and modulate neuron function and blood vessels
Explain what the ventral tegmental area does and the location
it makes you “feel good” and have a sense of “reward”
found in the midbrain
Explain the function and location of superior colliculus
vision; you reflecively oriet to a novel visual stimulus. found in the roof of the midbrain
explain the function and location of the inferior colliculus
key role in processing sound, especially in locating and responding to auditory stimuli. in the midbrain, caudal to the superior colliculus
caudal; being a tail, toward the hind
