unit 1 extras Flashcards
primary protein folding
sequence of amino acids in polypept chain (nucleotide sequence)
secondary protein folding
folding + coiling into a-helix or b-pleated sheet
tertiary protein folding
more folding from side chain interactions (h phobic vs philic, H bonds, ionic bonds, disulphide bridges
protein folding quaternary
2+ chains of polypepts (like in collagen or hemoglobin)
eight functions of proteins
structural
storage
transport
hormones
contractile
defensive
receptors
enzymatic
ex of protein structural function
hair keratin
ex of protein storage function
human milk
ex of protein transport function
haemoglobin
ex of protein hormones function
insulin
ex of protein contractile function
muscles
ex of protein defensive function
clothing
ex of protein receptors function
taste buds
ex of protein enzyme function
lactase
peptide bond:
link of the carbonyl of an a.a to amino group of another (+ removing water)
phospholipid bilayer is virtually
impermeable to charged ions, but allows passive diffusion or facilitated diffusion
glycogen
stored excess glucose in body for future use in muscles/liver cells
pectin
gelling agent: complex mix of polysaccharides
cellulose
dietary fibre: chain of strong b-glucose
starch
major and plant food resource: amylose + amylopectin
chitin:
polymer of glucose w N and C2 + second most abundant natural compound
gums:
hydrophilic, complex, 12 types used by humans
lipids include
fats, steroids, phospholipids, waxes
four main uses of lipids
storing Energy, cell Membrane building, Hormones, Insulation layers
esterification:
hydroxyl of glycerol reacts w carbonyl of three fatty acids (TRIGLYCERIDE)
ex of macromolecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
