chapter 2 pt 2

Question 1

semi permeable membrane: can

Answer 1

regulate passage of substances into and out of cell

Question 2

passive transport:

Answer 2

movement of ions/molecules from HIGH CONCENTRATION to LOW CONCENTRATION WITHOUT ENERGY INPUT

Question 3

concentration gradient:

Answer 3

difference in concentration between sides of membrane

Question 4

3 forms of passive treansport:

Answer 4

diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Question 5

diffusion:

Answer 5

net movement of ions/molecules from HIGH CONCENTRATION to LOW CONCENTRATION

Question 6

osmosis:

Answer 6

diffusion of water

Question 7

why is osmosis separate from diffusion

Answer 7

water is very important to life

Question 8

osmosis: water molec.s move because the membrane is

Answer 8

impermeable to the solute

Question 9

osmosis: water molecules move in and out of cell along

Answer 9

concentration gradient until water concentration is equal on both sides of membrane

Question 10

osmosis: concentration of all solutes in solution determines

Answer 10

osmotic concentration

Question 11

osmotic concentration:

Answer 11

direction of osmosis determined by comparing total solute concentrations

Question 12

osmotic concentration: hypertonic

Answer 12

more solute, less water (HIGHER CONC)

Question 13

osmotic concentration: hypotonic

Answer 13

less solute, more water (LOWER CONC)

Question 14

osmotic concentration: isotonic

Answer 14

equal solute, equal water (SAME CONC)

Question 15

ANIMAL CELL: hypotonic

Answer 15

lysed (bursting)

Question 16

ANIMAL CELL: isotonic

Answer 16

normal

Question 17

ANIMAL CELL: hypertonic

Answer 17

shriveled

Question 18

PLANT CELL: hypotonic

Answer 18

turgid (thicc)

Question 19

PLANT CELL: isotonic

Answer 19

flaccid (normal)

Question 20

PLANT CELL: hypertonic

Answer 20

plasmolyzed (weird venom looking one)

Question 21

managing water balance: cell survival depends on

Answer 21

balancing water uptake and loss

Question 22

water balance: isotonic

Answer 22

e.g. blood cells in blood plasma
- no problem
- no net diffusion of water
- cell volume = stable

Question 23

water balance: hypotonic

Answer 23

e.g. paramecium
- problems: gains water, swells, can burst
- solution: contractile vacuole (pumps water out)
- plant cells: stable/turgid

Question 24

water balance: hypertonic

Answer 24

e.g. shellfish
- problem: lose water and die
- solution: take up water/pump out salt
- plant cells: plasmolysis = wilt

Question 25

diffuses into cell membrane (food)

Answer 25

carbs
sugars, proteins
amino acids
lipids
salts, oxygen, water

Question 26

diffuses out of cell (waste)

Answer 26

ammonia
salts
carbon dioxide
water

Question 27

what molecules go thru phosph. bilayer directly

Answer 27

fats + lipids
small molecules (water, oxygen, carbon dioxide)

Question 28

what molecules CANT go thru phosph. bilayer directly

Answer 28

polar molec.s (amino acids)
ions (salts, ammonia)
large molecules (starches, proteins)

Question 29

membrane becomes semi permeable with

Answer 29

protein channels (specific channels let specific substances across membrane)

Question 30

facilitated diffusion:

Answer 30

diffusion through protein channels, no energy needed along conc. gradient

Question 31

cystic fibrosis:

Answer 31

defective Cl- ion channel proteins

Question 32

FACILITATED DIFFUSION: channel proteins: movement through aquaporins

Answer 32

water moves rapidly into and out of cells, follows direction of osmotic pressure across membrane

Question 33

FACILITATED DIFFUSION: carrier proteins:

Answer 33

bind to specific molec.s, transport across membrane, release on other side
change shape in transport
can transport larger molec.s, e.g. glucose and amino acids

Question 34

do carrier proteins require any energy?

Answer 34

no, moving from high to low conc.

Question 35

carrier proteins: lower diffusion rate compared to

Answer 35

channel proteins => can only bind to a few molec.s at a time

Question 36

malfunctions in carrier proteins can cause variety of diseases: e.g.

Answer 36

cystinurea