chapter 2 pt 3

Question 1

active transport:

Answer 1

transport across membrane AGAINST or UP concentration gradients

Question 2

active transport requires the

Answer 2

expenditure of energy

Question 3

main source of energy in the cell:

Answer 3

adenosine triphosphate/ATP

Question 4

atp is derived from an

Answer 4

adenosine nucleotide but with a TRIPLE PHOSPHATE GROUP instead of a single => hydrolysis at the end of phosphate group releases energy

Question 5

ATP undergoes hydrolysis and loses

Answer 5

terminal phosphate group = forms ADP and inorganic phosphate

Question 6

ATP vs ADP

Answer 6

triphosphate vs diphosphate

Question 7

transport proteins in active transport are

Answer 7

carrier proteins rather than channel proteins

Question 8

ion pumps: carrier proteins using ATP to

Answer 8

pump ions across membrane against conc gradient

Question 9

example of ion pumps

Answer 9

Na-K pump: exchanges sodium for potassium

Question 10

ATP powers the changes in protein shape (conformation) by

Answer 10

phosphorylating the carrier protein (transfers phosphate group to protein)

Question 11

animal cell has a much higher concentration of K and much

Answer 11

lower concentration of sodium compared to surroundings: cell membrane maintains steep gradient by ion pumping Na out and K in

Question 12

primary vs secondary active transport

Answer 12

primary uses ATP, secondary uses ELECTROCHEMICAL GRADIENT

Question 13

secondary active transport:

Answer 13

electrochemical gradient created by primary active transport via ION PUMP is used by a DIFFERENT PROTEIN to transport other molec.s

Question 14

secondary active transport is common in

Answer 14

bacteria and plant cells

Question 15

active transport: cells may need to move molecules

Answer 15

AGAINST conc gradient
- shape change in carrier protein transports solute from one side of membrane to another
- protein pump
- costs energy = ATP

Question 16

passive transport summary:

Answer 16

simple diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion

Question 17

passive transport summary: SIMPLE DIFFUSION

Answer 17

diffusion of nonpolar, Hphobic molecs/small molecs
- lipids, O2, CO2
- high to low conc

Question 18

passive transport summary: OSMOSIS

Answer 18

diffusion of water molecs
- high to low conc gradient

Question 19

passive transport summary: FACILITATED DIFFUSION

Answer 19

diffusion of polar, Hphilic molecs
- thru channel/carrier proteins
- high to low concentration gradient

Question 20

active transport summary:

Answer 20

movement AGAINST conc gradient
- low to high conc. gradient
- protein pump/carrier protein
- requries ATP

Question 21

membrane assisted transport:

Answer 21

method for macromolecules that are TOO BIG to cross membrane thru channel/carrier protein

Question 22

membrane assisted transport: cell forms

Answer 22

vesicles to surround incoming material
- requires energy from cell
- two types: ENDOcytosis and EXOcytosis

Question 23

membrane assisted transport: ENDOcytosis

Answer 23

cell membrane engulfs extracellular material to bring inside cell, pinches off to form vesicle inside cell
- phagocytosis
- pinocytosis
- receptor-mediated

Question 24

membrane assisted transport: endocytosis: PHAGOCYTOSIS

Answer 24

endocytosis involving SOLID particles: cell-eating

Question 25

membrane assisted transport: endocytosis: PINOCYTOSIS

Answer 25

endocytosis involving LIQUID particles: cell-drinking

Question 26

membrane assisted transport: endocytosis: RECEPTOR-MEDIATED

Answer 26

receptor proteins in cell membrane bind to specific molecs outside cell - membrane folds inward to create vesicle containing bound particles - vesicles coated with a protein that forms a cage around the vesicle

Question 27

membrane assisted transport: EXOCYTOSIS

Answer 27

- opposite of endocytosis - vesicles fuse w membrane and empty contents into extracellular environment - vesicle becomes part of membrane

Question 28

in animal cells, exocytosis is used to release

Answer 28

substances such as hormones, neurotransmitters, digestive enzymes

Question 29

secondary active transport: synporter:

Answer 29

transfer two different molecules in the same direction (in or out)

Question 30

secondary active transport: antiporter:

Answer 30

one type of molec in, one type of molec out

Question 31

examples of antiporter:

Answer 31

sodium-potassium pump

Question 32

examples of synporter:

Answer 32

sodium-glucose pump

Question 33

secondary active transport can't work unless

Answer 33

primary active transport has already worked

Question 34

cotransport:

Answer 34

symport and antiport

Question 35

synport, antiport, and uniport can all act as channels for

Answer 35

active transport

Question 36

uniport can dually function as a channel for

Answer 36

passive transport

Question 37

how can you tell from a channel if its active or passive transport

Answer 37

if it's moving from high to low or low to high