Unit 1 - CV System The Heart PART A Flashcards
What are the 3 key functions of the Cardiovascular System?
- Transport of material ENTERING the body to sites for processing/use
- Transport of material BETWEEN CELLS within the body
- Transport of material FROM CELLS to SITES of ELIMINATION
Which 3 materials are ENTERING the body to sites for processing/use?
- Nutrients
- Oxygen
- Water
Which 5 materials are moved BETWEEN CELLS within the body (AKA moved from cell to cell)?
- Hormones
- Antibodies
- Platelets & Clotting proteins
- Immune cells (leukocytes)
- Stored nutrients (e.g. glucose from liver & fatty acids from adipose tissue)
Which 3 materials are transported from cells to sites of elimination (AKA materials leaving the body)?
- Wastes (urea, creatinine, bilirubin)
- Carbon dioxide
- Heat
PATHWAY for materials ENTERING the body
- Nutrients (intestinal tract –> all cells)
- Oxygen (lungs –> all cells)
- Water (intestinal tract –> all cells)
PATHWAY for materials moved from CELL TO CELL
- Hormones (endocrine cells –> target cells)
- Antibodies, platelets & clotting proteins, & immune cells (leukocytes) (present in blood continuously –> available to any cell that needs them)
- Stored nutrients (liver & adipose tissue –> all cells)
PATHWAY for materials LEAVING the body
- Wastes (urea, creatinine, bilirubin) (all cells –> kidneys)
- Carbon dioxide (all cells –> lungs)
- Heat (all cells –> skin)
What are the 3 key structural components of the cardiovascular system?
- Heart
- Vasculature (blood vessels)
- Blood
Heart
Hydraulic pump that creates a PRESSURE gradient
Vasculature (blood vessels)
- CLOSED (blood always carried in vessels)
- DUAL circuit that allows UNIdirectional blood flow (valves enforce this)
List & describe the dual circuit that allows unidirectional blood flow
- PULMONARY circulation
- LOW pressure, LOW resistance vessels that carry blood TO & FROM LUNGS - Systemic circulation
- HIGH pressure, HIGH resistance vessels that carry blood TO the REMAINING ORGANS
Blood
Transport medium consisting of PLASMA & CELLS
Blood entering the ______ side of the heart has to go to the _____ before it can go to the _____ side of heart
RIGHT
LUNGS
LEFT
Capillaries
microscopic vessels where blood exchange material with the interstitial fluid
What is the path of blood flow?
- ARTERIES carry blood AWAY from the heart
- VEINS carry blood TOWARDS the heart
Explain why not all arteries carry oxygenated blood
ARTERIES of the pulmonary circulation carry DEoxygenated blood (less O2 content), & VEINS of the pulmonary circulation carry OXYgenated blood (more O2 content)
What is the Pulmonary Circulation pathway
Right ventricle –> Pulmonary arteries –> Arterioles –> Capillaries in lungs (where exchange takes place) –> Venules –> Pulmonary veins –> Left atrium
What is the Systemic circulation pathway?
Left ventricle –> Aorta –> Ascending arteries & Abdominal aorta –> Systemic arteries (e.g. carotid arteries, hepatic arteries, renal arteries, etc.) –> Capillaries –> Venules –> Systemic veins (e.g. jugular vein, hepatic vein, renal vein, etc.) –> Superior or Inferior vena cava –> Right Atrium
Within each organ, the arterioles, capillary beds & venules form the…
microcirculation
Superior vena cava
veins from upper part of body join to form this
Inferior vena cava
veins from lower part of body form this
Atriums
- central room
- receives blood
Ventricles
- belly
- pumps blood out into the blood vessels
Septum
central wall dividing the heart into left & right halves
Hepatic portal vein
connects digestive tract –> liver
Liver importance & role
- imp. for nutrient processing
- role: detoxifying foreign substances
