Unit 1 - CV System The Heart PART A

Question 1

What are the 3 key functions of the Cardiovascular System?

Answer 1

1. Transport of material ENTERING the body to sites for processing/use
2. Transport of material BETWEEN CELLS within the body
3. Transport of material FROM CELLS to SITES of ELIMINATION

Question 2

Which 3 materials are ENTERING the body to sites for processing/use?

Answer 2

1. Nutrients
2. Oxygen
3. Water

Question 3

Which 5 materials are moved BETWEEN CELLS within the body (AKA moved from cell to cell)?

Answer 3

1. Hormones
2. Antibodies
3. Platelets & Clotting proteins
4. Immune cells (leukocytes)
5. Stored nutrients (e.g. glucose from liver & fatty acids from adipose tissue)

Question 4

Which 3 materials are transported from cells to sites of elimination (AKA materials leaving the body)?

Answer 4

1. Wastes (urea, creatinine, bilirubin)
2. Carbon dioxide
3. Heat

Question 5

PATHWAY for materials ENTERING the body

Answer 5

1. Nutrients (intestinal tract –> all cells)
2. Oxygen (lungs –> all cells)
3. Water (intestinal tract –> all cells)

Question 6

PATHWAY for materials moved from CELL TO CELL

Answer 6

1. Hormones (endocrine cells –> target cells)
2. Antibodies, platelets & clotting proteins, & immune cells (leukocytes) (present in blood continuously –> available to any cell that needs them)
3. Stored nutrients (liver & adipose tissue –> all cells)

Question 7

PATHWAY for materials LEAVING the body

Answer 7

1. Wastes (urea, creatinine, bilirubin) (all cells –> kidneys)
2. Carbon dioxide (all cells –> lungs)
3. Heat (all cells –> skin)

Question 8

What are the 3 key structural components of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 8

1. Heart
2. Vasculature (blood vessels)
3. Blood

Question 9

Heart

Answer 9

Hydraulic pump that creates a PRESSURE gradient

Question 10

Vasculature (blood vessels)

Answer 10

• CLOSED (blood always carried in vessels)

- DUAL circuit that allows UNIdirectional blood flow (valves enforce this)

Question 11

List & describe the dual circuit that allows unidirectional blood flow

Answer 11

1. PULMONARY circulation
   - LOW pressure, LOW resistance vessels that carry blood TO & FROM LUNGS
2. Systemic circulation
   - HIGH pressure, HIGH resistance vessels that carry blood TO the REMAINING ORGANS

Question 12

Blood

Answer 12

Transport medium consisting of PLASMA & CELLS

Question 13

Blood entering the ______ side of the heart has to go to the _____ before it can go to the _____ side of heart

Answer 13

RIGHT

LUNGS

LEFT

Question 14

Capillaries

Answer 14

microscopic vessels where blood exchange material with the interstitial fluid

Question 15

What is the path of blood flow?

Answer 15

• ARTERIES carry blood AWAY from the heart

- VEINS carry blood TOWARDS the heart

Question 16

Explain why not all arteries carry oxygenated blood

Answer 16

ARTERIES of the pulmonary circulation carry DEoxygenated blood (less O2 content), & VEINS of the pulmonary circulation carry OXYgenated blood (more O2 content)

Question 17

What is the Pulmonary Circulation pathway

Answer 17

Right ventricle –> Pulmonary arteries –> Arterioles –> Capillaries in lungs (where exchange takes place) –> Venules –> Pulmonary veins –> Left atrium

Question 18

What is the Systemic circulation pathway?

Answer 18

Left ventricle –> Aorta –> Ascending arteries & Abdominal aorta –> Systemic arteries (e.g. carotid arteries, hepatic arteries, renal arteries, etc.) –> Capillaries –> Venules –> Systemic veins (e.g. jugular vein, hepatic vein, renal vein, etc.) –> Superior or Inferior vena cava –> Right Atrium

Question 19

Within each organ, the arterioles, capillary beds & venules form the…

Answer 19

microcirculation

Question 20

Superior vena cava

Answer 20

veins from upper part of body join to form this

Question 21

Inferior vena cava

Answer 21

veins from lower part of body form this

Question 22

Atriums

Answer 22

• central room

- receives blood

Question 23

Ventricles

Answer 23

• belly

- pumps blood out into the blood vessels

Question 24

Septum

Answer 24

central wall dividing the heart into left & right halves

Question 25

Hepatic portal vein

Answer 25

connects digestive tract –> liver

Question 26

Liver importance & role

Answer 26

• imp. for nutrient processing

- role: detoxifying foreign substances