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Microbiology > Unit 1: Chapter 3: Bacterial Structure > Flashcards

Unit 1: Chapter 3: Bacterial Structure Flashcards

1
Q

3 Stages of Sporulation and Germination?

A

Activation GerminationOutgrowth

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2
Q

What are endospores resistant to?

A

nutrient depletion
heat
radiation
chemical disinfectants
dessication

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3
Q

Spore surrounded by thin covering called exosporium

A

Endospore

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4
Q

thick layers of protein form spore coat. Cortex, beneath the coat, thick peptidoclycan. Core has nucleoid and ribosomes

A

endospore

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5
Q

rotates like propeller with 1110 rev/secq

A

swimming

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6
Q

Rapid and coordinated trasnlocation of bacterial poopulation across a solid or semi solid surface at 2-10micrometers/sec

A

swarming

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7
Q

undulation of entire cell

A

spirochete movmeent

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8
Q

short intermittent and jerky movement

A

twitching

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9
Q

smooth movement which don’t require appendages

A

gliding

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10
Q

movement to a chemical attractant or away from chemical repellanmt

A

chemotaxis

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11
Q

threadlike, locomotor appendages extending out from PM and CW.

A

flagella

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12
Q

functions include motility, attachmeent and virulence factors

A

flagella

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13
Q

long, thick, hari-like protine appendages

A

pili

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14
Q

shorter and thinner hair-like appendages

A

fimrbriae

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15
Q

genetically encoded on plasmids and required for gene trasnfer `

A

pili

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16
Q

can mediate attachement to surfaces + motility

A

fimbriae

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17
Q

complex protien/RNA structures

A

ribosomes

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18
Q

site of protein synthesis

A

Ribsoeomes

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19
Q

Usually not membrane bound and location of chromosomes and associated proteins

A

nucleoid

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20
Q

usually 1 closed circular double stranded DNA moleucle

A

nucleoid

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21
Q

supercoiling + proteins aid in folding + structure

A

nucleoid

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22
Q

extrachoromosomal DNA that’s usualy small, circular, closed DNA molecule

A

plasmid

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23
Q

exist and replicate independent of chromosoems

A

plasmid

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24
Q

functions include cell divison, DNA replication, exoenzyme excretion, cell injury, nucleoid separatio and oxidative phosphorylation

A

Mesosome

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25
solute concentration outside is less than inside
hypotonic
26
when water enters the cell, it swells
hypotonic
27
solute concentration outside is greater than inside
hypertonic
28
when water leaves the cell it shrinks
hypertonic
29
lipids + lipoproteins + lipopolysaccharide
OM
30
O antigen + core polysaccharide + lipid A
lipopolysaccharide
31
Functions in shape, protection and pathogenecity
cell wall
32
rigidi structure outside PM
peptidoglycan
33
Mesh-like polymer of identical subunits forming long strands
peptidoglycan
34
2 alternating sugars found in peptidoglycan
NAGNAM
35
connecting carboxy groupd + amino groups between amino acids
Direct cross link
36
May form peptide interbridge
indirect cross link
37
Polymers of glycerol which maintain cell envelope and protect from environment
teichoic acid
38
space between PM and CW
periplasm
39
loosely connected membrane protein that is easily removed
peripheral
40
amphipathic membrane protein that's embedded and not easily removed
integral
41
energy depednent trasnport that chemically modifies the molecule as it's brought into the cell
Group translocation
42
2 substances are transported in opposite directions
amport
43
2 substances are transported in the same direction
symport
44
Uses potential energy of ion gradients to cotransport substances without modifying them
secondary active transport
45
transports a single molecule
uniport
46
ATP hydrolysis energy moves substances against concentration gradient without modifying them
Primary active transport
47
movement acorss the PM with the help of carirer protiens
Facilitated diffusion
48
These proteins form pores for substances to pass through
Channel Proteins
49
These proteins have high substrate specificity in transport and change shape
Carrier proteins
50
Transport of molecules against a concentratio gradient
Active trasnport
51
The layers that surround the cell
Cell Envelope
52
The most important, innermost membrane that is selectively permeable and encompasses the cytoplasm
PM
53
Functions include: acquirting nutrients, eliminating waste and interating with the external environment
PM
54
the movement of molecules form a high concentration to a low concentration
passive diffusion
55
baccili
rods
56
comma shaped cells
vibrios
57
rigid spiral shaped cells
spirillia
58
flexible spiral shaped cells
spiriochetes
59
network of hyphae
mycelium
60
long filmanet cells
hyphae
61
cells variable in shape
pleomorphic
62
short and wide rods
cocobaccili
63
cocci that divide in 4 dimentsions and are a cubic packet of 8
sarcina
64
cocci that dividie in 2D and are a square of 4
tetrads
65
Cocci that divide in random planes and look like grape clusters
staphylococci
66
Cocci that divide in 1 plane and form chains
Streptococci
67
Cocci that divide and reamin in pairs
diplococci
68
Spheres that can be single or multiple (Cell type)
cocci
69
1st stage of sporulation?
Axial Filament Formation
70
2ns stage of sporulation
Septum Formation
71
3rd stage of sporulation
Forespore Engulfment
72
4th stage of sporulation
Cortex formation
73
5th stage of sporulation
cortex syntehsis
74
6th stage of spourlation
Endospore maturation
75
7th stage of sporulation
Sporangium Lysis
76
8th stage of sporulation
Free Endospore

Microbiology (8 decks)

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