Unit 1 Chapter 2: The C

Question 1

Alexander Hamilton

Answer 1

was a founding father of the united states of America one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the constitution the founder of the nation financial system, and 1st American of the political party, established the national bank

Question 2

Anti-Federalists

Answer 2

Opposed to a strong central government; saw undemocratic tendencies in the Constitution and insisted on the inclusion of the Bill of Rights. Included Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and Patrick Henry

Question 3

Article I

Answer 3

Legislative Branch - Organizations, powers, and restraints

Question 4

Article II

Answer 4

Executive Branch - Powers, duties, restraints, and election of the President

Question 5

Article III

Answer 5

Judicial Branch - Powers, restraints, and the definition of Treason

Question 6

Article IV

Answer 6

Relation of the states to each other and to the federal government, guarantees to the states, and government of the territories

Question 7

Article V

Answer 7

Method of Amending the Constitution. Guarantee of equal representation of the states in the U.S. Senate

Question 8

Article VI

Answer 8

Provision for national debts. Supremacy of the United States Constitution, federal laws and treaties. Pledge of national and state officials to uphold the constitution. No religious test required as qualification for public office

Question 9

Articles of Confederation

Answer 9

this document, the nations first constitution, was adopted by the second continental congress in 1781 during the revolution. the document was limited because states held most of the power, and congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage

Question 10

Benjamin Franklin

Answer 10

Played a major role in the American Revolution and negotiated French support for the colonists
Sig: Signed the Treaty of Paris and helped draft the constitution

Question 11

Bill of Rights

Answer 11

The first 10 amendments to the Constitution make up the Bill of Rights. Written by James Madison in response to calls from several states for greater constitutional protection for individual liberties, the Bill of Rights lists specific prohibitions on governmental power

Question 12

checks and balances

Answer 12

This system gives each of the three branches of government ways to limit the powers of the other branches.

Question 13

common sense

Answer 13

Written by Thomas Paine. Argument for an independent United States.

Question 14

constitution

Answer 14

a body of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is acknowledged to be governed.

Question 15

Constitutional Convention

Answer 15

meeting of delegates in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation, which produced the new U.S. Constitution

Question 16

Crispus Attucks

Answer 16

First colonist to be killed during the Boston massacre

Question 17

Critical Period

Answer 17

refers to the 1780’s, a time right after the American Revolution where the future of the newly formed nation was in the balance

Question 18

Declaration of Independence

Answer 18

a document that declared independence from Britain and the formation of a new country, the USA

Question 19

Electoral College

Answer 19

the body of elector chosen from each state to elect the president and vice president of the U.S.

Question 20

enumerated powers

Answer 20

Powers of the federal government that are specifically addressed in the Constitution

Question 21

federalism

Answer 21

division of power between a central government and regional government

Question 22

federalists

Answer 22

supporters of the constitution during the debate over its ratification; favored a strong national government

Question 23

The Federalist Papers

Answer 23

essays published in New York newspapers over course of 2 years

Question 24

First Continental Congress

Answer 24

The First Continental Congress was a meeting of delegates from twelve of the Thirteen Colonies who met from September 5 to October 26, 1774, at Carpenters’ Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution

Question 25

French and Indian War

Answer 25

war was fought between England and France for control of certain lands in North America

Question 26

full faith and credit clause

Answer 26

Constitution’s requirement that each State accept the public acts, records, and Judicial proceedings of every other State

Question 27

George Washington

Answer 27

Commander in Chief of the Continental Army in the American Revolution, leader of the Constitutional Convention, and the first President of the United States.

Question 28

Great Compromise

Answer 28

the agreement by which Congress would have two houses, the Senate (where each state gets equal representation-two senators) and the House of Representatives (where representation is based on population)

Question 29

Implied Powers

Answer 29

Implied powers are powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution, in accordance with the statement in the Constitution that Congress has the power to “make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution” the powers enumerated in Article I

Question 30

Inherent Powers

Answer 30

The powers of the national government in the field of affairs that the Supreme Court has declared do not depend on constitutional grants but rather grow out of the very existence of the national government

Question 31

James Madison

Answer 31

father of the constitution; leading federalist; author of the Bill of Rights

Question 32

John Jay

Answer 32

United States diplomat and jurist who negotiated peace treaties with Britain and served as the first chief justice of the United States Supreme Court (1745-1829)

Question 33

Lexington and Concord

Answer 33

These battles initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston

Question 34

mercantilism

Answer 34

belief in the benefits of profitable trading; commercialism

Question 35

Montesquieu

Answer 35

Famous for the idea of having three branches of government so that no one branch may have too much power

Question 36

necessary and proper clause

Answer 36

Clause of the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 3) setting forth the implied powers of Congress. It states that Congress, in addition to its express powers, has the right to make all laws necessary and proper to carry out all powers the Constitution vests in the national government

Question 37

New Jersey Plan

Answer 37

Opposite of the Virginia Plan, it proposed a single-chamber congress in which each state had one vote. This created a conflict with representation between bigger states, who wanted control befitting their population, and smaller states, who didn’t want to be bullied by larger states

Question 38

New World

Answer 38

The New World is one of the names used for the majority of Earth’s Western Hemisphere, specifically the Americas.

Question 39

Political Culture

Answer 39

The widely shared beliefs, values, and norms about how citizens relate to governments and to one another. Social capital – Democratic and civic habits of discussion, compromise, and respect for differences, which grow out of participation in voluntary organizations

Question 40

Samuel Adams

Answer 40

Founding father. American statesman and political philosopher. Leader in the Revolution. Founder of Sons of Liberty.

Question 41

Second Continental Congress

Answer 41

The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting in the spring of 1775 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. It succeeded the First Continental Congress, which met in Philadelphia between September 5, 1774, and October 26, 1774.

Question 42

Separation of Powers

Answer 42

The powers of the national government are divided into three distinct branches

Question 43

Shay’s Rebellion

Answer 43

this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes

Question 44

social contract theory

Answer 44

Idea that people join groups, and these groups make a presence know as a society. A social contract is the compact that the people agree form rules and conditions for membership in their society. The belief that all persons are entitled to equal rights and treatment before the law.

Question 45

Sons and Daughters of Liberty

Answer 45

People who were brought together as a response of the Stamp Act. They were common people

Question 46

Stamp Act Congress

Answer 46

The Congress asked the king to get rid of the taxes, said that Parliament didn’t have the right to tax them, and said that admiralty courts were unfair

Question 47

supremacy clause

Answer 47

It is the highest form of law in the U.S. legal system, and mandates that all state judges must follow federal law when a conflict arises between federal law and either the state constitution or state law of any state

Question 48

Thomas Jefferson

Answer 48

3rd President of the United States. He favored limited central government. He was chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence

Question 49

Thomas Paine

Answer 49

convinced Founding Father and colonists that rebellion against Britain is acceptable

Question 50

Three-Fifths Compromise

Answer 50

Compromise agreement between northern and southern states at the Constitutional Convention that three-fifths of the slave population would be counted for determining direct taxation and representation in the House of Representatives

Question 51

Virginia Plan

Answer 51

Virginia delegate James Madison’s plan of government, in which states got a number of representatives in Congress based on their population