CH 8 VOCAB: Valerie Guevara

Question 1

federal bureaucracy

Answer 1

The thousand of federal government agencies and institutions that implement and administer federal laws and programs

Sentence: Federal bureaucracy is responsible for regulating federal laws.

Question 2

Max Weber

Answer 2

German sociologist active in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries who articulated the hierarchical structure and near-mechanical functioning of bureaucracies in complex societies

Sentence: Max Weber is an influential figure to the US Government and its ideals.

Question 3

spoils system

Answer 3

The firing of public-office holders of a defeated political party to replace them with loyalists of the newly elected party

Sentence: The spoils system is biased.

Question 4

patronage

Answer 4

Jobs, grants, or other special favors that are given as rewards to friends and political allies for their support

Sentence: Many political figures have patrons who support their campaigns.

Question 5

merit system

Answer 5

A system of employment based on qualifications, test scores, and ability rather than party loyalty

Sentence: The merit system is a fair and just way to hire individuals.

Question 6

Pendleton Act

Answer 6

Reform measure that established that principle of federal employment on the basis of open, competitive exams and created the Civil Service Commission

Sentence: Pendleton Act involves the administration of exams.

Question 7

civil service system

Answer 7

The merit system by which many federal bureaucrats are selected

Sentence: The merit system and civil service system go hand in hand.

Question 8

Sixteenth Amendment

Answer 8

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution that authorized Congress to enact a national income tax

Sentence: The sixteenth amendment deals with taxes.

Question 9

World War I

Answer 9

A global military conflict that took place from 1914-1918 across Europe and its overseas territories. The United States military intervened from 1917-1918

Sentence: World War I was a watershed moment is US history.

Question 10

Great Depression

Answer 10

A severe global economic downturn marked by mass unemployment and poverty that began in the United States in 1929 and persisted to some degree until the end of the 1930s

Sentence: The Great Depression was a result of World War I.

Question 11

World War II

Answer 11

A global military conflict that took place from 1939-1945 in Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific region. The United States was formally involved in the war from 1941-1945

Sentence: World War II was one of the most gruesome wars in history.

Question 12

G.I. (Government Issue) Bill

Answer 12

Federal legislation enacted in 1944 that provided college loans for returning veterans and reduced mortgage rates to enable them to buy homes

Sentence: The B.I Bill covers the cost of some students college tuition.

Question 13

Great Society

Answer 13

Reform program begun in 1964 by President Lyndon B. Johnson that was a broad attempt to combat poverty and discrimination through urban renewal, education reform, and unemployment relief

Sentence: Great society was an attempt to combat poverty.

Question 14

Department of Homeland Security

Answer 14

Cabinet department created after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks to coordinate domestic security efforts

Sentence: The Department of Homeland Security is a part of the presidents cabinet.

Question 15

Cabinet department

Answer 15

Major administrative units with responsibility for a broad area of government operations. Departmental status usually indicates a permanent national interest in a particular government function, such as defense, commerce, or agriculture

Sentence: The president selects the cabinet members of the cabinet department.

Question 16

independent executive agencies

Answer 16

Governmental units that closely resemble a Cabinet department but have narrower areas of responsibility and perform service rather than regulatory functions

Sentence: Independent executive agencies are important to the government’s functionality.

Question 17

independent regulatory commission

Answer 17

An entity created by Congress outside a major executive department that regulates a specified interest or economic activity

Sentence: Independent regulatory commission was created by congress.

Question 18

government corporations

Answer 18

Business established by Congress to perform functions that private businesses could provide, such as the U.S. Postal Service and Amtrak. Often established when the financial incentives for private industry to provide services are minimal

Sentence: Government corporations are essential to the functionality of the US.

Question 19

Hatch Act

Answer 19

The 1939 act to prohibit civil servants from taking activist roles in partisan campaigns. This act prohibited federal employees from making political contributions, working for a particular party, or campaigning for a particular candidate

Sentence: Public servants cannot participate in partisan campaigns due to the Hatch Act.

Question 20

implementation

Answer 20

The process by which a law or policy is put into operation

Sentence: Many laws are implemented every year.

Question 21

iron triangles

Answer 21

The relatively ironclad relationships and patterns of interaction that occur among agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees or subcommittees

Sentence: Iron triangles are essential to the functionality of the US government.

Question 22

issue networks

Answer 22

The loose and informal relationships that exist among a large number of actors who work in broad policy areas

Sentence: Issue networks deal with informal relationships.

Question 23

interagency councils

Answer 23

Working groups created to facilitate coordination of policy making and implementation across a host of governmental agencies

Sentence: Interagency councils are a fundamental part of the US government.

Question 24

policy coordinating committee (PCCs)

Answer 24

Committees created at the sub-Cabinet level to facilitate interactions between agencies and departments to handle complex policy problems

Sentence: PCCs are the middlemen between agencies an departments.

Question 25

administrative discretion

Answer 25

The ability or bureaucrats to make choices concerning the nest way to implement congressional or executive intentions

Sentence: When bureaucrats make decisions they use
administrative discretion.

Question 26

rule making

Answer 26

A quasi-legislative process resulting in regulations that have the characteristics of a legislative

Sentence: Rule making is important to the legislative branch.

Question 27

regulations

Answer 27

Rules governing the operation of all government programs that have the force of law

Sentence: Regulations are necessary to the US government.

Question 28

Federal Register

Answer 28

The official journal of the U.S. government, including all federal rules and public notices so that citizens and organization can follow proposed changes and comply with rule changes

Sentence: Federal Register is the journal for the United States of America.

Question 29

administrative adjudication

Answer 29

A quasi-judicial process in which a bureaucratic agency settles disputes between two parties similar to the way courts resolve disputes

Sentence: Administrative adjudication is a bureaucratic agency.