CH 15 VOCAB : Valerie Guevara Flashcards

1
Q

Affordable Care Act (ACA)

A

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, often shortened to the Affordable Care Act or nicknamed Obamacare, is a United States federal statute enacted by the 111th United States Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010

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2
Q

agenda setting

A

The process of forming the list of matters that policymakers intend to address

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3
Q

Board of Governors

A

The Board of Governors, located in Washington, D.C., is a federal government agency that is the Fed’s centralized component. The Board consists of seven members who are appointed by the president of the United States and confirmed by the Senate.

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4
Q

budget deficit

A

gov spends more than it takes in, pumping money into the economy

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5
Q

charter school

A

A charter school is a school that receives government funding but operates independently of the established state school system in which it is located. Charter schools are an example of public asset privatization.

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6
Q

Common Core

A

The Common Core is a set of high-quality academic standards in mathematics and English language arts/literacy (ELA). These learning goals outline what a student should know and be able to do at the end of each grade.

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7
Q

Department of Health and Human Services

A

The United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), also known as the Health Department, is a cabinet-level department of the U.S. federal government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services.

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8
Q

depression

A

a period of high unemployment and business failures; a severe, long-lasting downturn in a business cycle

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9
Q

discount rate

A

the minimum interest rate set by the Federal Reserve for lending to other banks.

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10
Q

distributive policies

A

Distributive Policies Aimed at ensuring proper distribution of opportunities, goods, services among different sections of society.

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11
Q

entitlement programs

A

a government program that guarantees certain benefits to a particular group or segment of the population.

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12
Q

Federal Reserve System

A

The Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States of America. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises.

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13
Q

fiscal policy

A

In economics and political science, fiscal policy is the use of government revenue collection and expenditure to influence the economy. According to Keynesian economics, when the government changes the levels of taxation and government spending, it influences aggregate demand and the level of economic activity.

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14
Q

governmental (institutional) agenda

A

An intentional course of action or inaction followed by government in dealing with some problems ormatter of concern.

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15
Q

gross domestic product (GDP)

A

Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a period of time, often annually or quarterly.

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16
Q

inflation

A

a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.

17
Q

Keynesian economics

A

Keynesian economics are the various macroeconomic theories about how in the short run – and especially during recessions – economic output is strongly influenced by aggregate demand

18
Q

laissez-faire

A

Laissez-faire is an economic system in which transactions between private parties are free from government intervention such as regulation, privileges, tariffs and subsidies

19
Q

means-tested programs

A

Understanding Means-tested Welfare or Aid to the Poor. … For example, food stamps, public housing, Medicaid, and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families are means-tested aid programs that provide benefits only to poor and lower-income persons.

20
Q

Medicaid

A

health care for needy, low-income families, pregnant women, and children; covers hospitalization, physician services, drugs, and long-term nursing care

21
Q

Medicare

A

Medicare is the federal health insurance program for: People who are 65 or older.

22
Q

monetary policy

A

Monetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country, typically the central bank or currency board, controls either the cost of very short-term borrowing or the monetary base, often targeting an inflation rate or interest rate to ensure price stability and general trust in the currency

23
Q

national debt

A

The national debt of the United States is the debt, or unpaid borrowed funds, carried by the federal government of the United States, which is measured as the face value of the currently outstanding Treasury securities that have been issued by the Treasury and other federal government agencies.

24
Q

No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)

A

The No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB) was a U.S. Act of Congress that reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; it included Title I provisions applying to disadvantaged students. … The Act required states to develop assessments in basic skills.

25
Q

non-means-tested programs

A

Government programs available only to individuals below a poverty line. Examples of Non-means tests

26
Q

open market operations

A

An open market operation is an activity by a central bank to give liquidity in its currency to a bank or a group of banks.

27
Q

policy adoption

A

Policy adoption is the third phase of the policy process in which policies are adopted by government bodies for future implementation.

28
Q

policy evaluation

A

Policy evaluation applies evaluation principles and methods to examine the content, implementation or impact of a policy. Evaluation is the activity through which we develop an understanding of the merit, worth, and utility of a policy.

29
Q

policy formulation

A

Policy formulation is the development of effective and acceptable courses of action for addressing what has been placed on the policy agenda.

30
Q

policy implementation

A

As a general concept policy implementation can be defined as the third stage of policy cycle its means the stage of the policy process immediately after the passage of a law, or the action that will be taken to put the law into effect or that the problem will be solved.

31
Q

public policy

A

Public policy is the principled guide to action taken by the administrative executive branches of the state with regard to a class of issues, in a manner consistent with law and institutional customs.

32
Q

recession

A

In economics, a recession is a business cycle contraction when there is a general slowdown in economic activity.

33
Q

redistributive policies

A

Redistribution of income and redistribution of wealth are respectively the transfer of income and of wealth (including physical property) from some individuals to others by means of a social mechanism such as taxation, charity, welfare, public services, land reform, monetary policies, confiscation, divorce or tort law.

34
Q

regulatory policies

A

aims to limit what can be done in the marketplace. Most governments have some regulations covering a variety of areas, including: Banking, insurance, and other financial businesses.

35
Q

reserve requirements

A

The reserve requirement (or cash reserve ratio) is a central bank regulation employed by most, but not all, of the world’s central banks, that sets the minimum amount of reserves that must be held by a commercial bank.

36
Q

Social Security Act

A

The Social Security Act of 1935 Pub.L. 74–271, 49 Stat. 620, now codified as 42 U.S.C. ch. 7, created Social Security in the United States, and is relevant for US labor law. It created a basic right to a pension in old age, and insurance against unemployment.

37
Q

systemic agenda

A

all issues that are commonly perceived by members of the political community as meriting public attention and as involving matters within the legitimate jurisdiction of existing governmental authority

38
Q

vouchers

A

money that the government provides to parents to pay their children’s tuition in a public or private school of their choice.