Unit 1: AC1.1 - Analyse different types of crime

Question 1

White collar crime

Answer 1

These crimes are usually for financial gain by someone of high social status and sophisticated means are used to conceal the perpetrators activities.

Question 2

Organised white collar crime

Answer 2

This refers to crime that can either be violent or non-violent in nature, and are generally committed for profit of a group of people with a hierarchical internal structure, eg mafias and gangs.

Question 3

Corporate white-collar crime

Answer 3

This refers to crimes committed either by a corporation or by individuals acting on behalf of a corporation or business identity in order to maximise points.

Question 4

Professional white-collar crime

Answer 4

These are nonviolent crimes that are done for a living, usually by some type of fraud.

Question 5

Moral crime

Answer 5

Crimes against morality are illegal actions that are considered to be victimless as there is no specific victim as the crime doesn’t generally affect people.

Question 6

State crime

Answer 6

Activities perpetrated by, or by order of, state agencies; such as governments that commit crimes in order to further their policies

Question 7

Technological crime

Answer 7

Illegal mediated activities that can be conducted through global electronic networks.

Question 8

Individual crime

Answer 8

Crimes against individuals due to personal reasons or beliefs, these could be crimes committed verbally or physically and can be a number of different crimes, eg hate crime.

Question 9

Hate crime

Answer 9

Type of individual crime that is influenced by hate, prejudice or bias against differences like age, disabilities, ethnicity, gender, religion, sexuality, etc.

Question 10

Honour crime/killing

Answer 10

Type of individual crime, this is the homicide of a member of a family, due to the perpetrators belief that the victim has brought shame/dishonour upon the family or has violated the principles of a community or religion.

Question 11

Domestic abuse/violence

Answer 11

Type of individual crime defined as ‘all acts of physical, sexual, psychological or economical violence’ that may be committed by a family member or intimate partner.

Question 12

White collar crime examples?

Answer 12

• Tax evasion
• Credit card fraud
• Computer and internet fraud

Question 13

White collar crime : types of victim, offender and level of public awareness (3)

Answer 13

• Victim: Those with funds to invest in a finance scheme, eg retired workers.
• Offender: Usually people of respectability and high social status.
• Public awareness: Low (difficult to prosecute offender because perpetrators use sophisticated means to conceal their activities).

Question 14

Moral crime: types of victim, offender and level of public awareness (3)

Answer 14

• Victim: Often thought to be victimless (however the offender and victim can be the same person, eg prostitution, vagrancy and underage drinking)
• Offender: Offender often in a difficult situation as described above
• Public awareness: Low, often hidden from offender’s families

Question 15

Moral crime examples (6)

Answer 15

• prostitution
• vagrancy
• underage drinking
• assisted suicide
• illegal gambling
• illegal drug use

Question 16

State crimes : types of victim, offender and level of public awareness (3)

Answer 16

• Victim: Citizens of the country potentially those of different religion or political belief
• Offender: Usually high ranking government officials under the orders of the country’s regime, eg Nazi Germany during the holocaust.
• Public awareness: Usually high, due to speed of the media.

Question 17

State crime examples (4)

Answer 17

• Genocide
• War crimes
• Torture
• Imprisonment without trial

Question 18

State crime examples (4)

Answer 18

• Genocide
• War crimes
• Torture
• Imprisonment without trial

Question 19

Technological crime: types of victim, offender and level of public awareness (3)

Answer 19

• Victim: Anyone who uses the internet
• Offender: Anyone with basic knowledge of the internet, increase in young people committing this crime
• Public awareness: Low due to new technological element, however there has been an increased publicity with crime rates becoming higher.

Question 20

Technological crime examples (3)

Answer 20

• Internet enabled fraud
• Downloading illegal materials eg songs and images
• The use of social media to promote hate crimes

Question 21

Hate crime : types of victim, offender and level of public awareness (3)

Answer 21

• Victim: Anyone who falls under the five strands (based on race, religion, sexual orientation, disability or if they’re transgender)
• Offender: Anyone who is oppressed/prejudice towards someone of the five strands and tend to be people with traditional beliefs.
• Public awareness: Grown recently high due to a high media focus, particularly with hate crime for race, religion and sexual orientation.

Question 22

Hate crime: Hate based on anyone who falls under the five strands, what are they? (5)

Answer 22

• Race
• Religious belief
• Sexual orientation
• Disability
• Transgender

Question 23

Honour crime : types of victim, offender and level of public awareness (3)

Answer 23

• Victim: Typically a young girl within the family, commonly a daughter from an Asian community
• Offender: Usually a male member of the family, typically the father, uncle or brother of the one being targeted.
• Public awareness: Low levels, due to the differences in culture

Question 24

Examples of honour crime: (5)

Answer 24

• Acid attacks
• Abductions
• Mutilations
• Beatings
• Murder

Question 25

Domestic abuse : types of victim, offender and level of public awareness (3)

Answer 25

• Victim: Typically women, eg girlfriends or wives
• Offender: Typically but not exclusively, offenders are men, eg boyfriends or husbands
• Public awareness: Can be seen as low

Question 26

Examples of domestic abuse

Answer 26

• Assault
• Murder
• Torture
• Verbal abuse