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nursing > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Ovum or preembryonic stage time

A

14 days

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2
Q

Embryotic stage lenght

A

Week 3 to 8 (6 weeks)

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3
Q

Fetus stage

A

Week 9 to 38 (29 weeks)

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4
Q

Three primary germ layers

A

Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm.

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5
Q

Ectoderm (upper layer)

A

Gives rise to the epidermis, the glands (anterior pituitary, cutaneous, and mammary), the nails and hair, the central and peripheral nervous systems, the lens of the eye, the tooth enamel, and the floor of the amniotic cavity

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6
Q

Mesoderm (middle layer)

A

Develops into the bones and teeth, the muscles (skeletal, smooth, and cardiac), the dermis and connective tissue, the cardiovascular system and spleen, and the urogenital system

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7
Q

Endoderm (lower layer)

A

Gives rise to the epithelium lining the respiratory and digestive tracts, and the glandular cells of associated organs, including the oropharynx, the liver and pancreas, the urethra, the bladder, and the vagina. The endoderm forms the roof of the yolk sac.

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8
Q

Decidua basalis

A

The portion of the endometrium directly under the blastocyst, where the chorionic villi tap into the maternal blood vessels. Maternal aspect of the placenta made up of uterine blood vessels, endometrial stroma, and glands. It is shed in lochial discharge after birth

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9
Q

teratogens

A

Substances or exposure that causes abnormal development.

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11
Q

hydramnios (polyhydramnios)

A

More than 1.5L of amniotic fluid. It can lead to gastrointestinal problems and malformations

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12
Q

oligohydramnios

A

Fetus with less than 300ml of amniotic fluid. Can lead to fetal renal problems

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13
Q

lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio

A

determine the health or maturity of the fetus

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14
Q

Wharton’s jelly

A

Connective tissue that prevents compression of the blood vessels and ensures continued nourishment of the embryo or fetus

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15
Q

syncytium

A

is the functional layer of the placenta.

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16
Q

Four hormones produced by the placenta

A

hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin), hCS(human chorionic somatomammotropin), progesterone, estrogen (mostly estriol)

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17
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Mechanism used for transferring large molecules, such as albumin and gamma globulins, across the placental membrane

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18
Q

cephalocaudal

A

Pattern of supplying the highest levels of oxygen and nutrients to the head, neck, and arms enhances the development of the embryo/fetus.

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19
Q

Hematopoiesis

A

The formation of blood, occurs in the yolk sac beginning in the third week

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20
Q

omphalocele

A

A hernia in which abdominal organs protrude into the umbilical cord

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21
Q

nuchal cord

A

When the cord is wrapped around the fetal neck.

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22
Q

battledore placenta

A

A peripheral location of the placenta

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23
Q

fontanels

A

The areas where more than two bones meet

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24
Q

Dizygotic Twins

A

When two mature ova are produced in one ovarian cycle, both have the potential to be fertilized by separate sperm.

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25
Q

Identical, or monozygotic, twins

A

Develop from one fertilized ovum, which then divides

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26
Q

Congenital

A

The condition was present at birth

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27
Q

Gravida

A

A woman who is pregnated

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28
Q

Gravidity

A

Pregnancy

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29
Q

Nulligravida

A

A woman who has never been pregnant and is not currently pregnant.

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30
Q

Primigravida

A

A woman who is pregnant for the first time

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31
Q

Multigravida

A

A woman who has had two or more pregnancies.

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32
Q

Parity

A

The number of pregnancies in which the fetus or fetuses have reached 20 weeks of gestation, not the number of fetuses (e.g., twins) born. Parity is not affected by whether the fetus is born alive or is stillborn (i.e., showing no signs of life at birth)

33
Q

Nullipara

A

A woman who has not completed a pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses beyond 20 weeks of gestation

34
Q

Primipara

A

A woman who has completed one pregnancy with a fetus or fetuses who have reached 20 weeks of gestation

35
Q

Multipara

A

A woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to 20 weeks of gestation or more

36
Q

Preterm

A

A pregnancy that has reached 20 weeks of gestation but ends before completion of 37 weeks of gestation.

37
Q

Late preterm

A

A pregnancy that has reached between 34 weeks 0 days and 36 weeks 6 days of gestation

38
Q

Early term

A

A pregnancy that has reached between 37 weeks 0 days and 38 weeks 6 days of gestation

39
Q

Full term

A

A pregnancy that has reached between 39 weeks 0 days and 40 weeks 6 days of gestation

40
Q

Late term

A

A pregnancy that has reached between 41 weeks 0 days and 41 weeks 6 days of gestation

41
Q

Post term

A

A pregnancy that has reached between 42 weeks 0 days and beyond of gestation

42
Q

GTPAL

A

Gravidity, term, preterm, abortions, living children.

43
Q

Quickening

A

In pregnancy terms, quickening is the moment in pregnancy when the pregnant woman starts to feel or perceive fetal movements in the uterus. week 10-14.

44
Q

Leukorrhea

A

White or slightly gray mucoid discharge with a faint musty odor

45
Q

Goodell sign

A

Softening of the cervix, a probable sign of pregnancy, occurring during the second month.

46
Q

Chadwick sign

A

Violet bluish vaginal mucous membrane and cervix that is visible from about the fourth week of pregnancy; caused by increased vascularity.

47
Q

Hegar sign

A

Softening of the lower uterine segment that is classified as a probable sign of pregnancy; may be present during the second and third months of pregnancy and is palpated during bimanual examination.

48
Q

Braxton Hicks contractions

A

Mild, intermittent, painless uterine contractions that occur during pregnancy. They start around 4th month. These contractions occur more frequently as pregnancy advances but do not represent true labor.

49
Q

Ballottement

A

(1) Movability of a floating object, such as a fetus. (2) Diagnostic technique using palpation: a floating object, when tapped or pushed, moves away and then returns to touch the examiner’s hand. (3) Passive movement of the unengaged fetus.

50
Q

Uterine souffle or bruit

A

Rushing or blowing sound of maternal blood flowing through uterine arteries to the placenta

51
Q

The funic souffle

A

Which is synchronous with the fetal heart rate and is caused by fetal blood coursing through the umbilical cord, may also be heard, as well as the fetus’s actual heartbeat

52
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Increase in number of cells

53
Q

Hypertrophy

A

Increase in size

54
Q

Montgomery tubercles

A

Hypertrophied of the sebaceous (oil) glands embedded in the primary areolae

55
Q

hCG

A

Human chorionic gonadotropin

56
Q

Goodell sign

A

Softening of the cervix and vagina due to hypertrophy

57
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

Bluish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia resulting from increased blood flow. It can be observed as early as 6 to 8 weeks after conception, and its presence is an early sign of pregnancy.

58
Q

Braxton Hicks

A

Contractions are sporadic uterine contractions that start about 6 weeks into your pregnancy

59
Q

Striae gravidarum

A

Stretch marks

60
Q

Physiologic anemia

A

Because the plasma increase is greater than the increase in red blood cell (RBC) production, there is a decrease in normal hemoglobin values (12 to 16 g/dl blood) and hematocrit values (37% to 47%).

61
Q

Friability

A

Tissue easily damage

62
Q

Melasma

A

Blotchy, brownish hyperpigmentation of the skin over the cheeks, nose, and forehead, especially in pregnant women with dark complexions

63
Q

Linea Nigra

A

Pigmented line extending from the symphysis pubis to the top of the fundus in the midline

64
Q

Angiomas

A

Commonly referred to as vascular spiders

65
Q

diastasis recti abdominis

A

Abdominal muscles can separate allowing abdominal contents to protrude at the midline.

66
Q

ptyalism

A

excessive salivation

67
Q

LMP

A

last menstrual period

68
Q

Lanugo

A

Baby hair. The younger the hairier.

69
Q

Vernix

A

White cheesy stuff on their skin.

70
Q

Folic acid

A

400-800 mcg/day, 0.4-0.8mg/day

71
Q

AMA

A

advanced maternal age

72
Q

Telangiectasia

A

Spider veins.

73
Q

Melasma

A

pigmentation in the face

74
Q

pyrosis

A

heartburn

75
Q

peripartum

A

28 week pregnancy to 28 days life

76
Q

perinatal

A

care around the baby

nursing (23 decks)

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