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Biology 1406 > UNIT 1 > Flashcards

UNIT 1 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The structural, functional, and
reproductive unit of life is the cell

A

Cell Theory

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2
Q

Sequence of taxa!

A
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3
Q

1st Leval of Taxa

A

Domain

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4
Q

Second level of taxa

A

Kingdom

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5
Q

3rd level of Taxa

A

Phylum

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6
Q

4th level

A

Class

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7
Q

5th Level of taxa

A

Order

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8
Q

6th level of taxa

A

Family

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9
Q

7th level of taxa

A

Genus

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10
Q

8th level of Taxa

A

Species

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11
Q

What is the broadest taxa

A

Domain

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12
Q

What are the 3 domains

A

Bacteria, Archea, Eukarya

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13
Q

search for information and explanation

A

Scientific Inquiry

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14
Q

seeks specifics based on general truths, tests hypotheses
* If general ‘truth’ is wrong, hypothesis is flawed

A

Deduction

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15
Q

tentative explanations of natural phenomena
– must be testable and falsifiable
– ‘if and then

A

Hypothosisi

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16
Q

uses specific observations to explain processes (make
generalizations) of nature, leads to hypothetical explanations

A

Induction

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17
Q

1 amu
*in atomic nucleus
*positive (+) charge

A

Proton

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18
Q

1 amu
* in nucleus
* no (neutral) charge

A

Nuetron

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19
Q

relatively no mass
* in orbitals surrounding nucleus
* negative (-) charg

A

Electron

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20
Q

Atoms with the same number of protons, different
number of neutrons

A

Isotopes

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21
Q

describe likely
position of electrons as they
move around the nucleus

A

Orbitals

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22
Q

represent energy levels
based on distance from
nucleus

A

Shells

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23
Q

Is the outermost energy level

A

Valence shell

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24
Q

Are the electrons found in the
valence shell

A

Valence electrons

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25
Q

The # of bonds an
atom will form

A

Valence

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26
Q

refers to an atom’s tendency to
fill its valence shell

A

Reactivity

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27
Q

Result when atoms share valence
electrons

A

Covalent Bonds

28
Q

Are attractions based on opposite charge

A

Ionic bonds

29
Q

Bonds between ‘polar’ molecules

A

Hydrogen

30
Q

Two or more atoms covalently bonded forms a

A

Molocule

31
Q

Strongest type of chemical
bond

A

Covalent

32
Q

An atom’s pull on or attraction to electrons

A

Electronegativity

33
Q

Bonds between atoms
with different degrees of electronegativity

A

Polar covalent bonds

34
Q

The condition of having a partial
charge (separation of charge at opposite
ends

A

Polarity

35
Q

Attraction between polar molecules

A

Hydrogen bonds

36
Q

positive charge
– Fewer electrons than protons

A

Cations

37
Q

negative charge
– More electrons than proton

A

Anions

38
Q

Attraction based on opposite (full) charges

A

Ionic bonds

39
Q

Any substance that donates a H+ to an
aqueous solution is an

A

Acid

40
Q

A substance that removes H+ from an
aqueous solution is a

A

Base

41
Q

The product of the concentrations of ions is
always equal to

A

10 TO THE -14

42
Q

PH is

A

The H+

43
Q

Lower the Ph h the higher the

A

Acidity

44
Q

Nuetral Acidity is

A

7

45
Q

Higher the ph

A

more basic

46
Q

compounds that when added to a
solution resists a change in pH

A

Buffer

47
Q

Repeating units of polymers are called

A

monomers

48
Q

are simple sugars
– General formula is Cn(H2O)
* where n equals the number of carbons
– ‘a hydrate of carbon’
– May have up to 6 or 7 carbons in HC skeleton

A

Monosoachharides

49
Q

Dehydration reaction yields a
——- connecting
2 monomers

A

glycosidic linkage

50
Q

glucose and fructose

A

Sucrose

51
Q

2 glucose monomers

A

Maltose

52
Q

galactose and glucose

A

Lactose

53
Q

Linkages of 100’s to
1000’s of glucoses

A

polysaccarides

54
Q

types include: Starch, Glycogen, and
Cellulose

A

Polysaccharides

55
Q

Large macromolecules used for storage
* Composed entirely glucose

A

Starch

56
Q

Storage form used by animals
– excess glucose is stored
– found in liver and muscles

A

Glycogen

57
Q

Structural component of plant cell walls
– Produce 100 billion tons per year(!)
– Most abundant organic material on Earth

A

Cellulose

58
Q

Fats like triglycerides
– Phospholipids of membrane structure
– Sterols and steroids
– Waxy secretions like cuticle, sebu

A

Lipids

59
Q

Amino group
– Carboxyl group
– Alpha carbon
– Variable ‘R’ component

A

What makes an amino acid

60
Q

Sequence of amino acids

A

Primary structure

61
Q

Hydrogen bonds form between repeating units
* alpha helix
* beta pleat

A

Secondary structure

62
Q

Folding due to interactions of ‘R’ components

A

Tertiary Structure

63
Q

Multiple peptides combine to make functional protein

A

Quarternary structure

64
Q

Molecules that store hereditary
information and allow organisms to pass
info to next generation

A

Nucleic Acid

65
Q

Nucleic acids are polymers composed of
many

A

Nucleotides(monomers)

Biology 1406 (8 decks)

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