Chap 12 Inheritance patterns

Question 1

Meiosis separates homologous pairs of
chromosomes so that a gamete receives
only one.

Answer 1

Law of Segregation

Question 2

Which homologue a zygote (offspring)
receives is random based on the
alignment of tetrads

Answer 2

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 3

Which homologue a zygote (offspring)
receives is random based on the
alignment of tetrads DURING

Answer 3

Metaphase I

Question 4

Meiosis separates homologous pairs of
chromosomes so that a gamete receives
only one DURING

Answer 4

Anaphase I

Question 5

alternative versions of genes

Answer 5

Alleles

Question 6

account for variations of inherited traits

Answer 6

Alleles

Question 7

heterozygous for both characters

Answer 7

dihybrids

Question 8

Two dominant alleles affect the phenotype in
separate, distinguishable way

Answer 8

Codominance

Question 9

The phenotype of F1 hybrids is somewhere between the phenotypes
of the two parental varietie

Answer 9

Incomplete dominance

Question 10

gene has multiple phenotypic
effects

Answer 10

pleiotropy

Question 11

Seemingly unrelated character traits controlled by one
gene

Answer 11

pleiotropy

Question 12

gene at one locus alters the
phenotypic expression of a gene at a second locus

Answer 12

epistasis

Question 13

An additive effect
of two or more genes
on a single phenotype

Answer 13

polygenic
inheritance

Question 14

Recessively inherited disorders show up only in
individuals

Answer 14

homozygous

Question 15

heterozygous individuals who
carry the recessive allele but are phenotypically
normal

Answer 15

Carriers

Question 16

Thick mucus builds up in some internal organs

Answer 16

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 17

Abnormal absorption of nutrients, chronic bronchitis,
infections

Answer 17

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 18

Cystic Fibrosis is

Answer 18

Pleiotropic

Question 19

Insufficient oxygen exchange to tissues

Answer 19

Sickle-cell disease

Question 20

Sickle-cell disease is

Answer 20

Incomplete and Codominance

Question 21

more likely to produce homozygous recessive genotypes.

Answer 21

consanguineous

Question 22

liquid that bathes the fetus is removed
and tested

Answer 22

amniocentesis

Question 23

A sample of the placenta is removed and
tested

Answer 23

chorionic villus sampling

Question 24

separates tetrad

Answer 24

Anaphase 1

Question 25

segregates homologues

Answer 25

Cytokineisi

Question 26

are genes on the same
chromosome

Answer 26

Linked genes

Question 27

chromosome has hundreds or thousands of

Answer 27

Genes

Question 28

Incomplete linkage is due to

Answer 28

Crosssing over

Question 29

The mechanism that occasionally breaks the
physical connection between genes on the
same chromosome

Answer 29

Crossing over

Question 30

The point of
disconnect

Answer 30

Chiasmata

Question 31

The farther apart genes are on a chromosome the
more likely they are to be

Answer 31

Seperated during crossing over

Question 32

Color blindness
– Duchene muscular dystrophy
– Hemophilia

Answer 32

ressesive alleles on x chromosome

Question 33

Sex-linked disorders appear in males more
frequently than in females because

Answer 33

A single ressesive gene on the x will be expressed

Question 34

One of the two X chromosomes in each cell is
_________during embryonic
developmen

Answer 34

randomly inactivated

Question 35

Inactivated X becomes

Answer 35

Barr Body

Question 36

Pairs of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids
do not separate normally during meiosi

Answer 36

Non disgunction

Question 37

Nondisjunction occurs during

Answer 37

Meiosisi

Question 38

A - Meiotic ‘failure’ to separate ———-
chromosomes (during Anaphase I)
or
B -Meiotic ‘failure’ to separate sister chromatids
(during Anaphase II)

Answer 38

A , Homologoes B Sister Chromatids

Question 39

Result of Nondisjunction

Answer 39

n organism with n = 2 chromosomes)

Question 40

if zygote is ——- it has
three copies of a particular
chromosom

Answer 40

Trisomic

Question 41

Down syndrome

Answer 41

Autosomes - Trisomy 21

Question 42

s a condition in which there are more
than two complete sets of
chromosomes in an organis

Answer 42

Polyploidy

Question 43

result of an extra
chromosome in a male,
producing XXY individuals

Answer 43

Klinefelter

Question 44

Is the result of monosomy X,
producing an X

Answer 44

Turner Sydrome

Question 45

Defects in — —— Prevent cells from making enough ATP
– Cause diseases affecting the muscular and
nervous system

Answer 45

Mitochondrial Genes

Question 46

The phosphate is bonded
to the

Answer 46

5 end

Question 47

The phosphate of one
nucleotide bonds to the
#3 carbon of the adjacent
nucleotide

Question 48

backbone’ or ‘rails’ of
ladder formed by

Answer 48

Sugar Phosphate

Question 49

connect purine to
pyrimidin

Answer 49

Hydrogen bonds

Question 50

add nucleotides to the 3 end
of a growing strand

Answer 50

DNA polymerase

Question 51

catalyzes
formation of covalent bond

Answer 51

DNA polymerase III

Question 52

nucleotide inserted as a starting point is made of
RNA.

Answer 52

The primwer is Rna

Question 53

RNA primer must be removed from strand by another enzyme

Answer 53

dna polymerese 1

Question 54

The ends of the DNA molecules have
sequences called

Answer 54

Telomeres

Question 55

These serve to postpone the erosion of genes
found at the ends of chromosomes

Answer 55

Telomeres