Unit 1 Flashcards
Greek root “ectasis”
Dilation/expansion
Greek root “pathy”
Disease
Greek root “lysis”
Disintegration
Greek root “ectopia”
Displacement
Greek root “sclerosis”
Hardening
Greek root “itis”
Inflammation
Greek root “stenosis”
Narrowing
Greek root “plegia”
Paralysis
Greek root “emia”
Presence of blood
Greek root “rrhexis”
Rupture
Greek root “uria”
Substance in urine
Greek root “edema”
Swelling
Greek root “oma”
Tumor / mass
Greek root “osis”
Unusual / diseased
Greek root “epi”
Above
Greek root “endo”
Inside / within
“Arthro”
Joint
“Rhino”
Nose
“Masto”
Breast
“Gastro”
Stomach
“Derma”
Skin
“Stoma”
Mouth
what is homeostasis?
maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in the environment
what are some neural reflexes & describe them
-withdrawal (protective reflex)
-baroreceptor (regulates blood pressure)
-stretch (regulates posture)
-chemoreceptor (regulates breathing)
list the order of feedback control in homeostasis & describe each step
-variable = what’s being maintained in homeostatic balance
-stimulus = produces change in variable
-receptor = detects change & responds to stimuli
-input = info sent along afferent pathway to control center (determines appropriate response)
-output = info sent along efferent pathway to effector (provides means to respond)
-response = effector feeds back to reduce effect of the stimulus (neg feedback) or increase the effect (pos feedback)
what is negative feedback? + example
-reduces the effect of stimulus
-returns body to homeostasis
-ex: pulling hand (withdrawal) away from hot stove
what is positive feedback? +example
-controls processes that occur infrequently (rare)
-response temporarily increases the original stimulus & moves the variable away from set point
-ex: oxytocin stimulates contractions for child birth, they increase in intensity & frequency
what is afferent pathway?
towards the brain
what is efferent pathway?
exiting the brain
what is the point of serous membranes? & describe each one
-they prevent friction between the organ & body cavity wall
-parietal = membrane that lines the body cavity
-visceral = membrane that lines the organ
what is the lung lining called?
pleura
what is the heart lining called?
pericardium
what is the abdomen lining called?
peritoneum
describe integumentary organ system & list 3 organs in it
-forms external body covering
-protects from injury
-synthesis of vitamin D
-sweat & oil glands & cutaneous receptors
-skin, hair & nails
describe the skeletal system & list 3 organs in it
-(bones) protects & supports body
-framework for muscles
-blood cell formation
-mineral storage
-bones, cartilage, tendons
describe the muscular system & list 3 organs in it
-allows manipulation of environment
-locomotion & facial expression
-maintains posture & produces heat
-muscle tissue, blood vessels, nerves
describe the nervous system & list 3 organs in it
-control system of the body
-responds to internal & external changes
-brain, spinal cord, nerves
describe the endocrine system & list 3 organs in it
-glands secrete hormones that regulate body processes
-hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland
describe the cardiovascular system & list 3 organs in it
-blood vessels transport blood
-carries O2,CO2, nutrients, waste
-heart pumps blood
-heart, veins, arteries
describe the lymphatic system & list 3 organs in it
-immunity
-picks up fluid leaked from blood vessels & returns it to blood
-houses WBCs
-bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen
describe the respiratory system & list 3 organs in it
-keeps blood supplied with O2
-removes CO2
-lungs, trachea, diaphragm
describe the digestive system & list 3 organs in it
-breaks down food
-absorbs nutrients
-eliminates feces
-pharynx (throat), stomach, small & large intestines
describe the urinary system & list 3 organs in it
-eliminated nitrogenous wastes from the body
-regulates H2O, electrolyte & acid-base balance of the blood
-kidneys, bladder, ureters
