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Anatomy > Unit 1 > Flashcards

Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

1st Step of the Scientific Method

A

Ask a question.
(You ask yourself a question based on observation or a problem)

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2
Q

2nd Step of the Scientific Method

A

Make a hypothesis.
(An educated guess as to what the outcome of a research study will be)

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3
Q

3rd Step of the Scientific Method

A

Test the hypothesis with an experiment.
(Run a highly organized experiment with multiple trials to test your hypothesis)

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4
Q

4th Step of the Scientific Method

A

Analyze the results of the experiment.
(determine if the findings of the study either reject or accept the hypothesis)

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5
Q

5th Step of the Scientific Method

A

Draw a conclusion.
(statement based on experimental measurements and observations.
Discuss whether the data collected supports or does not support the hypothesis)

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6
Q

6th Step of the Scientific Method

A

Communicate results.
(Share the results you analyzed)

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7
Q

Superior vs Inferior

A

Superior is Toward the Head Inferior is away from the head
(The abdomen is inferior to the Throat)

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8
Q

Anterior/Ventral vs Posterior/Dorsal

A

Anterior/Ventral toward the front of the body
Posterior/Dorsal is Toward the back of the body
(Nose is ventral to the ear)

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9
Q

Medial vs Lateral

A

Medial is Toward the midline of the body
The lateral is away from the midline of the body
(The heart is medial to the lungs)

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10
Q

Proximal vs Distal

A

Proximal is connected to point of origin
Distal is away from point of origin
(Fingers are distal to the wrist)

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11
Q

Superficial vs Deep

A

Superficial is toward the surface of the body (Skin)
Deep away from the surface of the body
Ex. Your heart is deep to your skin

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12
Q

What is in the Cranial Cavity

A

Brain

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13
Q

What is in the Dorsal Cavity

A

Cranial cavity, Spinal cavity

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14
Q

What is in the Abdominal Cavity

A

Stomach, Intestines, Liver, and Pancreas

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15
Q

What is in the Ventral Cavity

A

Thoracic Cavity, Abdominal Cavity, and Pelvic Cavity

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16
Q

What is in the Thoracic Cavity

A

Heart, Lungs, Trachea, and Esophagus

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17
Q

What is in the Pelvic Cavity

A

Ovaries, Testes, Uterus, and the Bladder

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18
Q

What is in the Spinal Cavity

A

Spinal Cord

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19
Q

Nasal Cavity

A

Nose

20
Q

What is in the Orbital Cavity

A

Eyes

21
Q

Oral Cavity

A

Mouth

22
Q

Who is Hippocrates and how did he contribute to Anatomy and Physiology

A

Known as the father of medicne. Categorization of illnesses such as acute and chronic
Set the foundation for how Physicians should carry themselves and their work space
Hippocratic Oath- a document of morals and ethics that should be followed by physicians.

23
Q

Who is Galen and how did he contribute to Anatomy and Physiology

A

Early Roman anatomist and physiologist as well as physician, surgeon, and philosopher who Distinguishes cranial nerves, and valves of the heart, and observed the differences between veins and arteries
First to observe that the brain controls the muscles through signals from nerves
First to observe that arteries carry blood, not air which was the previously taught theory

24
Q

Who is Leonardo da Vinci and how did he contribute to Anatomy and Physiology

A

Most commonly known as an artist and inventor who through his drawings he helped better understand human anatomy, and he was given permission to dissect human corpses. He dissected at least 30 corpses of both males and females at varying ages.

25
Q

Who is William Harvey and how did he contribute to Anatomy and Physiology

A

First to understand the heart pump blood continuously through the body

26
Q

1st Survival Need of the Body

A

Nutrients
(Substance in the food and beverage we consume
The three basic classifications are water, macronutrients, and micronutrients)

27
Q

2nd Survival Need of the Body

A

Oxygen
(A key component if the chemical reactions that keep the body alive, including the reactions that produce ATP (energy))

28
Q

3rd Survival Need of the Body

A

Stable body temp
(The chemical reactions upon which the body depends can only take place within a narrow range of body temp, from just below to just above 37°C (98.6°F).)

29
Q

4th Survival Need of the Body

A

Atmosphere pressure
(The pressure exerted on humans by the mixture of gasses in the earth’s atmosphere)

30
Q

What is Homeostasis

A

The body’s tendency towards a relatively stable equilibrium
Ex. Body temperature must stay around 98.6 Degrees F but can fluctuate a couple of degrees hotter or cooler than normal

31
Q

What is Feedback Loops

A

When the body tendency toward a relatively stable equilibrium is not stable or equal no more the feedback loops makes it equal again

32
Q

What is a Negative feedback Loop

A

A negative feedback loop is conditions exceeding a set limit in one direction trigger a negative reaction in an opposite direction

33
Q

Four Basic components of a feedback loop

A

Stymulus
Sensor/Receptor
Control Center
Effector

34
Q

What is a Positive Feedback Loop

A

Increases disruptive influences
A deviation from the normal range results in more change, and the system moves farther away from the normal range.
Only normal and safe when there is a definitive endpoint

35
Q

Metabolism

A

The chemical reactions in the body’s cells that change food into energy

36
Q

Anabolism vs Catabolism

A

Anabolism- complex molecules such as proteins are constructed from simpler molecules. Requires energy to grow and build.
Catabolism- complex molecules such as carbohydrates are broken down into simpler molecules. Uses energy to break down

37
Q

Compression

A

Squeezing Force

38
Q

Tension

A

Pulling Force

39
Q

Sheer

A

Force perpendicular to the length of the object

40
Q

Bending

A

A loading pattern created by a combination of off-centered forces

41
Q

Torsion

A

A loading pattern that can cause a structure to twist about its length

42
Q

Deformation

A

Change on Shape

43
Q

Plastic

A

When the force is removed deformation still exists

44
Q

Elastic

A

When the force is removed the tissue return to its original size and force

45
Q

Acute Loads

A

Single force causes injury
Ex. Fracture

46
Q

Repetitive Loads

A

Repeated Forces cause injury

Anatomy (5 decks)

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