Tissues Flashcards
Types of Tissues
Epithelial Tissue
Loose Connective Tissue
Dense connective tissue
Epithelial Tissue
Structure: squamous, cuboidal, or columnar in shape and may be arranged in single or multiple layers.
Functions: Covers the body and lines cavities and glands within the body
Protect the body from physical damage, control what substances enter and leave the body
Provide sensory information
Secrete various substances
Simple Squamous ET
Structure: A single layer of flattened cells
Function: Allows for rapid diffusion due to thinness
Examples in the body: Gas exchanging cavity of the lungs
The lining of the abdominal cavity
Lines blood vessels and inside of the heart
Simple cuboidal ET
Structure: Single layer of cubed cells
Function: Secretion and absorption
Examples in the body: Surround tubules in the kidneys
Found in various Secretory Glands
Simple columnar ET
Structure: Single Layer of column cells
Function: Have secretory and absorption function
Examples in the body: Lining of ducts in kidneys
Stomach and intestines
Stratified squamous ET
Function: where chemical and mechanical protection is needed
Found on the surface of skin and other areas with direct contact to outside such as the mouth and throat
Stratified cuboidal ET
Function: protection, excretion, and secretion
Found in some exocrine ducts
Stratified columnar ET
Function: Protection and mucous secretion
Found in lining ducts of the pancreas and salivary gland
Connective Tissue
Functions: Giving the body and organs the strength to resist external forces
Protect internal organs
Allows for movement of muscles
Types of fibers in Connective tissues: Collagen fibers- thick strong and resistant to stretch that
Reticular Fibers-thinner and less strong and keep cells in place
Elastic fibers- thinnest can be stretched and can spring back into place
Areolar LCT
Structure: contains all three types of fibers (collagen, elastic, and reticular), which are distributed randomly and crisscrossed in all directions
Function: Provide support, strength, and elasticity to overlying epithelial tissue
Plays a role in inflammation and immune system defenses due to containing cells involved in the inflammation process and immune system function
Locations in the body: Under the top layer of the skin
Adipose LCT
Structure: mainly composed of round, fat cells called adipocytes
Function: Reservoir for fuel, thermal insulation, and cushioning for organs
Location in the body: under your skin, between your internal organs, and even in the inner cavities of bones
Reticular LCT
Structure: a branched and mesh-like pattern, due to the arrangement of reticular fibers
Function: Provide Structural Support, framework for blood-forming cells, immune defenses
Locations in the body:
Lymph nodes
Bone marrow
Spleen
Dense Connective Tissue
Has few cells and its extracellular matrix is mostly made of fibers
Regular DCT
Structure: Collagen fibers that are mostly parallel to each other
Function: Transfer forces to the bones
Locations: Tendons and ligaments
Irregular DCT
Structure: Composed of collagen fibers that go in different directions
Function: Resisting stretching forces
Location: Skin and joints
Elastic DCT
Structure: Made of squiggly elastic fibers that go in the same direction
Function: Resisting to stretching
Location: Found in the airways and large arteries
Cartilage
Found at the end of bones and between bones
Its function is to support flexibility and minimize friction.
Contains Chondroblasts that secrete the extracellular matrix which contains collagen fibers and proteoglycan molecules (made of protein and carbohydrates). These molecules bind to water molecules which allows cartilage to be resistant to compression
Hyaline Cartilage
Structure: a pearl-gray semi-translucent matrix (The smooth, shiny substance at the end of turkey bones)
Location: Ends of long bone and ribs
Elastic Cartilage
Structure: Contains more fibers and many chondroblasts
Location: External ear and epiglottis
Fibrocartilage
Structure: Contains more collagen fibers than the other types of cartilage and less chondroblasts
Function: Stronger than the other types of cartilage
Locations in the body: Disc between vertebrae and in the discs of the knee joint
Bone
Structure: Made of osteocytes which secrete the extracellular matrix of bone that contains collagen fibers and calcium salts.
Function: Support and protect the other tissues
Calcium and phosphate storage
House bone marrow
Spongy bone
Structure: Contains small plates and bars of bone called trabeculae with cavities for bone marrow
Function: helps to lessen the weight of a bone while still providing strength
House bone marrow
Location: At the end of a long bone
Compact bone
Structure: Has a central canal called the osteogenic canal with a ring formation around it called lamellae
Function: Provides protection and strength
Location: Outer layer of bone, particularly around the shaft
Muscle Tissue
Function: To allow our body to move
Structure: Skeletal and cardiac tissue are striated and smooth is uniform
Locations: Bones, heart, and organs
Skeletal Muscle
Structure:
Long , thin cells
Have multiple Nuclei
Striations
Function: Pulls on the bone to make us move
Location: Attached to bones
Cardiac Muscle
Structure:
- Shorter cells
- Has noticeable divisions/connections between cells which are called intercalated discs
- Striated
Function: Generated ATP to continuously make the heart pump
Location: Heart
Smooth Muscle
Structure: long-thin filaments that are not striated
Function: Help with digestion and nutrient collection
Location: Found in hollow organs ex: blood vessels and gastrointestinal tract
Nerve Tissue
Structure: Looks like a star and contains dendrites, cell body, and axon
Function: Convey information by electrical signaling
Location: Brain and spinal cord
3 types of Fibers
Collagen fibers- thick strong and resistant to stretch that
Reticular Fibers-thinner and less strong and keep cells in place
Elastic fibers- thinnest can be stretched and can spring back to a place
