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Anatomy > Integumentary System, Burns, Skin Cancer > Flashcards

Integumentary System, Burns, Skin Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary

A

Another word for skin which is the body outer layer that weighs 20 pounds

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2
Q

Structures of Integumentary

A

Skin
Nails
Hair
Glands
Nerves
Blood vessels

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3
Q

First function of Epidermis

A

Protection
- Tough keratin (a tough protein found in skin, hair, and nails) protects against mechanical injury and chemical damage
- Melanocytes are cells produce melanin to protect against UV ray damage
- Acidic sweat protects against bacterial infections

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4
Q

Second Funtion of Epdiermis

A

Water Barrier
- Keratin and oils in the skin reduce water loss through evaporation and form a barrier against water infusion

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5
Q

3rd Function of Epidermis

A

Temperature Regulation
- Capillaries dilate to release heat and constrict to conserve heat. Sweat evaporation provides a cooling effect.

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6
Q

4th funtion of Epidermis

A

Vitamin D production
- Sunlight converts cholesterol into vitamin D, which is essential for bone health

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7
Q

5th function of Epidermis

A

Waste elimination
- Urea and uric acid are eliminated in sweat

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8
Q

6th Function of Epidermis

A

Sensory Perception
- Receptor cells transmit information about touch, pressure, vibration, pain, and temperature to the central nervous system

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9
Q

Layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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10
Q

What is epidermis

A

The outer layer of the skin
Composed of stratified epithelial cells

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11
Q

The Five Epidermis Layers

A

Come Lets Get Sun Burnt

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12
Q

First Layer of Epdiermis

A

Stratum Corneum- dead cells filled with keratin and constantly shedding. Replacing itself every 25-45 days.

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13
Q

Second Layer of Epidermis

A

Stratum Lucidum- thick skin layer of dead cells only found on palms of hands, fingers, soles of feet, and toes

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14
Q

Third Layer of Epidermis

A

Stratum Granulosum- live Keratinocytes become flatter and flatter making them tough and water resistant

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15
Q

Fourth Layer of Epidermis

A

Stratum Spinosum- live keratinocytes become flatter and flatter making them tough and water resistant

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16
Q

Fifth Layer of Epidermis

A

Stratum Basale - absorbs nutrients from dermis and produces live skin cells

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17
Q

Skin Color (melanin)

A
  • Stratum Basale contains melanocytes that produce melanin
  • The amount of melanin produced is based on genetics
  • Exposure to sunlight causes melanocytes to produce more melanin
  • Melanin granules are pushed out into the neighboring skin cells, the result in tanning
  • Extra melanin in the skin functions as sunscreen by scatters and absorbs the UV rays before penetrating through the epidermis
  • Albinism- prevents the normal production of melanin resulting in little pigment in the skin, hair, and nails
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18
Q

Dermis Structure

A

Papillary Layer and Reticular Layer

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19
Q

Papillary Layer

A

(superficial layer) contains capillaries and sensory receptors and take on a rigid pattern responsible for your fingerprint called dermal papillae. Dermal papillae create a connection between the epidermis and dermis and form mounds on hands and feet called dermal ridges (your fingerprint)

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20
Q

Retitcular Layer

A

(deep layer) includes blood and lymphatic vessels, sweat and oil glands, muscles, hair follicles, and nerve endings

21
Q

Dermis

A

Composed of collagen and elastic fibers. Collagen fibers provide toughness and the elastic fibers keep skin looking young.
Contains hair follicles
Has a rich supply of blood vessels and sweat glands to regulate body temperature

22
Q

Dermis Sensory Receptors

A

Meissner receptors
Pacinian corpuscle
Free nerve endings

23
Q

Meissner receptors

A

detect light touch

24
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

detect deep pressure and vibrational changes

25
Free nerve endings
Respond to pain, light touch, and temperature variations
26
Sudoriferous glands (Sweat Glands)
- Distributed throughout the body with high concentration in under arms, palms and soles of feet, and the forehead - Sweat is odorless but when left on skin turns into an odor due to bacteria
27
Types of sweat glands
Eccrine and apocrine glands
28
Eccrine glands
cover most of the body. Sweat is clear that contains mostly water that opens directly onto the skin.
29
Apocrine glands
Located on genitals and armpits. Secrete milky fluid that secrete onto the hair follicles.
30
Sweat Glands
Sweat glands are activated to produce sweat when temperatures rise and evaporation cooling reduces body temperature
31
Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands) Location
Located all over the body accept for palms of hands and soles of feet Empty into hair follicles and directly on skin
32
Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands) Function
Produce oily substance called sebum Keep skin and hair soft and kill bacteria
33
Hair follicles Structure
Bulb-shaped and with an arrector pili attached on either side
34
Hair color
Melanocytes in the follicle produce the pigment that gives hair its color. As a person ages, melanocytes produce less melanin turning hair gray or white
35
Hair texture
The shape of the hair follicle. A round follicle produces straight hair; a oval follicle produces wavy hair; and a flat-shaped follicle produces curly hair
36
Goosebumps
When cold or frightened the arrector pili muscles contract pulling the hair upright causing goosebumps. The erect hair traps a layer of air close to the skin, adding insulation to help warm the body
37
Nails Structure
Nail Bed Nail Matrix Lunule
38
Nail bed
located underneath the nail
39
Nail matrix
the thickened hard part of the nail. Are clear but appear pink due to the blood supply under the nail bed. This is where the nail grows
40
Lunule
the crescent portion located on top but located towards the bottom of the nail matrix
41
Hypodermis
Made of adipose tissue Source of energy Padding and insulating the interior of the body Connects skin to muscle
42
1st Degree
-Affects only the epidermal layer of skin -Symptoms: involve reddening of skin, mild pain, and tend to heal in less than a week -Treatment: place a cool wet compress on burnt area. Don't use ice and do not pop blisters both of these will cause more pain. Cover with a sterile gauze and apply petroleum jelly 2-3 times a day.
43
2nd Degree
- Involve damage to both the epidermis and the upper portion of the dermis - Symptoms: Blisters, fluid-filled pockets that form between the epidermal and dermal layer, very painful and take over a week to heal - Treatment: place a cool wet compress on burnt area. Don't use ice and do not pop blisters both of these will cause more pain. Cover with a sterile gauze and apply petroleum jelly 2-3 times a day.
44
3rd Degree
- Involve damage to the entire thickness of the skin - Symptoms: Appear grayish-white, initially is not painful because the nerve endings in the skin have been destroyed, later scarring and paint will occur - Treatment: Third degree burns cannot heal on their own because the stratum basale, which generates new skin cells, has been destroyed. Treatment involves getting a skin graft over the damaged area - Skin graft: surgical procedure in which a piece of skin is transplanted from one area to another
45
Rules of nine
- 9% for both the anterior and posterior of the head and neck (4.5% per side) - 18% for the anterior torso and -18% for the posterior of the torso - 9% for both the posterior and anterior of each arm (4.5% per side) - 18% for both the anterior and posterior of each leg (9% per side) - 1% for the genital region
46
Basal Cell Carcinoma
- Most common and the least dangerous - Cause: overproduction of cells in the stratum basale that push upward forming dome-shaped bumps. - Symptoms: dome-shaped bumps that most often appear on areas of the face that have been exposed to the sunlight - Treatment: surgically removing dome-shaped bumps
47
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
- Cause: Overproduction of cells in the stratum spinosum layer of the epidermis - Symptoms: Appear as a scaly, reddened patch that progresses to an ulcer-like mass with a raised border. - Most common locations amongst light complexioned people: scalp, ears, lower lip - Most common locations amongst darker complexioned people: areas not exposed to sunlight such as legs and feet - Treatment: Surgical removal or chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or drug therapy if it has spread to lymph nodes Chemotherapy: powerful drugs to kill cancer cells
48
Malignant Melanoma
The most deadly skin cancer Symptoms: A mole that changes in size, shape, color, and elevation ABCD rule for determining the presence of melanoma Asymmetry: The shape of the mole is irregular Border Irregularity: Borders are not smooth Color: more than one color shades of (red, blue, black, brown, pinks) Diameter: Larger than the diameter of a pencil

Anatomy (5 decks)

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