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Anatomy > Integumentary System, Burns, Skin Cancer > Flashcards

Integumentary System, Burns, Skin Cancer Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary

A

Another word for skin which is the body outer layer that weighs 20 pounds

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2
Q

Structures of Integumentary

A

Skin
Nails
Hair
Glands
Nerves
Blood vessels

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3
Q

First function of Epidermis

A

Protection
- Tough keratin (a tough protein found in skin, hair, and nails) protects against mechanical injury and chemical damage
- Melanocytes are cells produce melanin to protect against UV ray damage
- Acidic sweat protects against bacterial infections

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4
Q

Second Funtion of Epdiermis

A

Water Barrier
- Keratin and oils in the skin reduce water loss through evaporation and form a barrier against water infusion

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5
Q

3rd Function of Epidermis

A

Temperature Regulation
- Capillaries dilate to release heat and constrict to conserve heat. Sweat evaporation provides a cooling effect.

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6
Q

4th funtion of Epidermis

A

Vitamin D production
- Sunlight converts cholesterol into vitamin D, which is essential for bone health

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7
Q

5th function of Epidermis

A

Waste elimination
- Urea and uric acid are eliminated in sweat

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8
Q

6th Function of Epidermis

A

Sensory Perception
- Receptor cells transmit information about touch, pressure, vibration, pain, and temperature to the central nervous system

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9
Q

Layers of the skin

A

Epidermis
Dermis
Hypodermis

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10
Q

What is epidermis

A

The outer layer of the skin
Composed of stratified epithelial cells

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11
Q

The Five Epidermis Layers

A

Come Lets Get Sun Burnt

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12
Q

First Layer of Epdiermis

A

Stratum Corneum- dead cells filled with keratin and constantly shedding. Replacing itself every 25-45 days.

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13
Q

Second Layer of Epidermis

A

Stratum Lucidum- thick skin layer of dead cells only found on palms of hands, fingers, soles of feet, and toes

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14
Q

Third Layer of Epidermis

A

Stratum Granulosum- live Keratinocytes become flatter and flatter making them tough and water resistant

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15
Q

Fourth Layer of Epidermis

A

Stratum Spinosum- live keratinocytes become flatter and flatter making them tough and water resistant

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16
Q

Fifth Layer of Epidermis

A

Stratum Basale - absorbs nutrients from dermis and produces live skin cells

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17
Q

Skin Color (melanin)

A
  • Stratum Basale contains melanocytes that produce melanin
  • The amount of melanin produced is based on genetics
  • Exposure to sunlight causes melanocytes to produce more melanin
  • Melanin granules are pushed out into the neighboring skin cells, the result in tanning
  • Extra melanin in the skin functions as sunscreen by scatters and absorbs the UV rays before penetrating through the epidermis
  • Albinism- prevents the normal production of melanin resulting in little pigment in the skin, hair, and nails
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18
Q

Dermis Structure

A

Papillary Layer and Reticular Layer

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19
Q

Papillary Layer

A

(superficial layer) contains capillaries and sensory receptors and take on a rigid pattern responsible for your fingerprint called dermal papillae. Dermal papillae create a connection between the epidermis and dermis and form mounds on hands and feet called dermal ridges (your fingerprint)

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20
Q

Retitcular Layer

A

(deep layer) includes blood and lymphatic vessels, sweat and oil glands, muscles, hair follicles, and nerve endings

21
Q

Dermis

A

Composed of collagen and elastic fibers. Collagen fibers provide toughness and the elastic fibers keep skin looking young.
Contains hair follicles
Has a rich supply of blood vessels and sweat glands to regulate body temperature

22
Q

Dermis Sensory Receptors

A

Meissner receptors
Pacinian corpuscle
Free nerve endings

23
Q

Meissner receptors

A

detect light touch

24
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

detect deep pressure and vibrational changes

25
Q

Free nerve endings

A

Respond to pain, light touch, and temperature variations

26
Q

Sudoriferous glands (Sweat Glands)

A
  • Distributed throughout the body with high concentration in under arms, palms and soles of feet, and the forehead
  • Sweat is odorless but when left on skin turns into an odor due to bacteria
27
Q

Types of sweat glands

A

Eccrine and apocrine glands

28
Q

Eccrine glands

A

cover most of the body. Sweat is clear that contains mostly water that opens directly onto the skin.

29
Q

Apocrine glands

A

Located on genitals and armpits. Secrete milky fluid that secrete onto the hair follicles.

30
Q

Sweat Glands

A

Sweat glands are activated to produce sweat when temperatures rise and evaporation cooling reduces body temperature

31
Q

Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands) Location

A

Located all over the body accept for palms of hands and soles of feet
Empty into hair follicles and directly on skin

32
Q

Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands)
Function

A

Produce oily substance called sebum
Keep skin and hair soft and kill bacteria

33
Q

Hair follicles
Structure

A

Bulb-shaped and with an arrector pili attached on either side

34
Q

Hair color

A

Melanocytes in the follicle produce the pigment that gives hair its color. As a person ages, melanocytes produce less melanin turning hair gray or white

35
Q

Hair texture

A

The shape of the hair follicle. A round follicle produces straight hair; a oval follicle produces wavy hair; and a flat-shaped follicle produces curly hair

36
Q

Goosebumps

A

When cold or frightened the arrector pili muscles contract pulling the hair upright causing goosebumps. The erect hair traps a layer of air close to the skin, adding insulation to help warm the body

37
Q

Nails Structure

A

Nail Bed
Nail Matrix
Lunule

38
Q

Nail bed

A

located underneath the nail

39
Q

Nail matrix

A

the thickened hard part of the nail. Are clear but appear pink due to the blood supply under the nail bed. This is where the nail grows

40
Q

Lunule

A

the crescent portion located on top but located towards the bottom of the nail matrix

41
Q

Hypodermis

A

Made of adipose tissue
Source of energy
Padding and insulating the interior of the body
Connects skin to muscle

42
Q

1st Degree

A

-Affects only the epidermal layer of skin
-Symptoms: involve reddening of skin, mild pain, and tend to heal in less than a week
-Treatment: place a cool wet compress on burnt area. Don’t use ice and do not pop blisters both of these will cause more pain. Cover with a sterile gauze and apply petroleum jelly 2-3 times a day.

43
Q

2nd Degree

A
  • Involve damage to both the epidermis and the upper portion of the dermis
  • Symptoms: Blisters, fluid-filled pockets that form between the epidermal and dermal layer, very painful and take over a week to heal
  • Treatment: place a cool wet compress on burnt area. Don’t use ice and do not pop blisters both of these will cause more pain. Cover with a sterile gauze and apply petroleum jelly 2-3 times a day.
44
Q

3rd Degree

A
  • Involve damage to the entire thickness of the skin
  • Symptoms: Appear grayish-white, initially is not painful because the nerve endings in the skin have been destroyed, later scarring and paint will occur
  • Treatment: Third degree burns cannot heal on their own because the stratum basale, which generates new skin cells, has been destroyed. Treatment involves getting a skin graft over the damaged area
  • Skin graft: surgical procedure in which a piece of skin is transplanted from one area to another
45
Q

Rules of nine

A
  • 9% for both the anterior and posterior of the head and neck (4.5% per side)
  • 18% for the anterior torso and -18% for the posterior of the torso
  • 9% for both the posterior and anterior of each arm (4.5% per side)
  • 18% for both the anterior and posterior of each leg (9% per side)
  • 1% for the genital region
46
Q

Basal Cell Carcinoma

A
  • Most common and the least dangerous
  • Cause: overproduction of cells in the stratum basale that push upward forming dome-shaped bumps.
  • Symptoms: dome-shaped bumps that most often appear on areas of the face that have been exposed to the sunlight
  • Treatment: surgically removing dome-shaped bumps
47
Q

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A
  • Cause: Overproduction of cells in the stratum spinosum layer of the epidermis
  • Symptoms: Appear as a scaly, reddened patch that progresses to an ulcer-like mass with a raised border.
  • Most common locations amongst light complexioned people: scalp, ears, lower lip
  • Most common locations amongst darker complexioned people: areas not exposed to sunlight such as legs and feet
  • Treatment: Surgical removal or chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or drug therapy if it has spread to lymph nodes
    Chemotherapy: powerful drugs to kill cancer cells
48
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

The most deadly skin cancer
Symptoms: A mole that changes in size, shape, color, and elevation
ABCD rule for determining the presence of melanoma
Asymmetry: The shape of the mole is irregular
Border Irregularity: Borders are not smooth
Color: more than one color shades of (red, blue, black, brown, pinks)
Diameter: Larger than the diameter of a pencil

Anatomy (5 decks)

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