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Anatomy > Test #2 > Flashcards

Test #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Monomer

A

a molecule of any class of compound that can be bonded to form a polymer

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2
Q

Polymer

A

materials made of long, repeating chains of molecules. Made up of many monomers joined together.

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3
Q

Macromolecules

A

Proteins, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic acids

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4
Q

Organic Molecules

A

Amino Acids, RNA, DNA, Glucose, Glycogen, Phospholipid, Glycerides, Fatty Acids, Steroids, ATP

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5
Q

Proteins

A

Made up of hundreds of amino acids

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6
Q

Structure of Proteins

A

(RCH(NH2)COOH )

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7
Q

Monomer of Proteins

A

Amino acid

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8
Q

Polymer of Proteins

A

Polypeptides and Peptides

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9
Q

Examples of Proteins

A

Enzymes, Antibodies, collagen, hemoglobin

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10
Q

Function of Proteins

A
  • Form the structures of cells
  • Enzymes a protein that helps catalyze (speed up) biological reactions
  • Act as carriers such as the protein hemoglobin which is used to carry oxygen in red blood cells
  • Muscle development
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11
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Sugars and Starches

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12
Q

Carbohydrates Monomer

A

Monosaccharide

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13
Q

Carbohydrates Polymer

A

Disaccharide and Polysaccharide

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14
Q

Branches of Carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharides- simple sugar molecule that cannot be broken down
Disaccharides- two sugar molecules that can be broken down to a simple sugar
Polysaccharides- more than two sugar molecules that can be broken down

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15
Q

Carbohydrates Functions

A

Serve as a source of short-term l energy or fuel which is then quickly used to make ATP

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16
Q

Carbohydrates Structure

A

Hexagon Shaped

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17
Q

2 types of Charbohydrate

A

Glucose, Glycogen

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18
Q

Lipids

A

Fats and Oils

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19
Q

Lipids Monomer

A

Glycerol and Fatty acid

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20
Q

Properties of lipids

A
  • Do not dissolve well in water or blood
  • Not as large as proteins or carbohydrates
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21
Q

Types of lipids

A

Fatty acids
Glycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids

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22
Q

Function of lipids

A

Provide insulation
Long-term energy

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23
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

naturally occurring chemical compounds that serve as the primary information-carrying molecules in cells.

24
Q

Nucleic Acids Structure

A

Made up of nucleotides

25
Q

Nucleic Acid Monomer

A

Nucleotides

26
Q

Nucleic Acid Function

A

Carry genetic information

27
Q

Amino Acid

A

Building blocks of proteins (there are 20 types)

28
Q

RNA and DNA

A

Associated with Nucleic Acid

29
Q

Glucose and Glycogen

A

Associated with Carbohydrate

30
Q

Fatty acids
Glycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids

A

Associated with Lipids

31
Q

ATP

A

Associated with Nucleic Acid

32
Q

Structure of water

A

Two hydrogens and one oxygen

33
Q

Polarity

A

Polar: contains both charges. 2 positive hydrogen and 1 negative oxygen
Hydrogen bonds: Weak bond that forms between the hydrogen of one water molecule and the oxygen of another water molecule

34
Q

Universal Solvent

A

compounds dissolve in water well due to their ability to bind to either the negative or positive charged components of water

35
Q

PH

A

A small fraction of water molecules in solutions either make hydrogen ions (H+) or Hydroxide ions OH-)
Acid: a substance that when added to water increases its hydrogen ion concentration
Base: a substance that when added to water increases its Hydroxide ion concentration

36
Q

Plasma Membrane

A

Defines the outer shell of a cell.

37
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Inside the membrane and contains everything BUT the Nucleus.

38
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Structure: A network of proteins that defines the shape of a cell.
FIbers: Microfilaments, Intermediate filaments, Microtubules
Function: Helps maintain the shape of the cell and its internal organization.

39
Q

Centrioles

A

Structure: Short cylinder made up of 9 triplets of microtubules.
Function: Help guide the movement and separation of chromosomes during cell division.

40
Q

Mitochondria

A

Structure: Tubular-shaped structure.
Function: Powerhouse of the cell and creates ATP.

41
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Structure: A set of membranous discs
Function: Packages and Sorts materials.

42
Q

Lysosomes

A

Structure: Sphere-Shaped sacs
Function: Degrades/digests materials.

43
Q

Ribosomes

A

Structure: Large and small subunits.
Function: Site of protein synthesis.

44
Q

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum(Rough ER)

A

Structure: Flattened like membrane sheets with ribosomes on them; which makes them rough.
Function: Transports, produces, folds, and, quality of controls of proteins.

45
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(Smooth ER)

A

Structure: Tube-like.
Function: Transports lipids.

46
Q

Nucleus

A

Structure: Sphere-shaped
Function: Contains genetic information.

47
Q

Cell Membrane/Plasma Membrane

A

Role: Maintains homeostasis.
It acts as a barrier that keeps wanted things in and unwanted things out.
Structure: Made up of a phospholipid bilayer & contains proteins.

48
Q

Cell Transport

A

Movement of materials across cell membranes.

49
Q

Passive Transport

A

Does not require energy to move molecules from HIGH to LOW concentration.
(Diffusion, Facilitated diffusion, Osmosis)

50
Q

Simple Diffusion

A

Movement of small particles across the cell membrane. High to Low concentration.

51
Q

Facilitated Diffusion

A

Requires help from channel and carrier proteins to move particles from a HIGH to LOW concentration.

52
Q

Channel proteins

A

a tube-like protein that selectively diffuses particles.

53
Q

Carrier proteins

A

Changes shape when a particle binds to it.

54
Q

Osmosis

A

The movement of water through a permeable membrane from HIGH to LOW concentration.

55
Q

Active Transport

A

Requires energy to move molecules from LOW to HIGH concentration.

Anatomy (5 decks)

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