Unit 1

Question 1

What are the 5 stages of embryological development

Answer 1

Neurulation
Cell proliferation
Migration and aggregation
Formation of axonal and dendritic processes
Synaptogenesis

Question 2

Describe spina bifida occulta

Answer 2

Bone missing in a vertebra, maybe tuft of hair

Question 3

Describe spina bifida meningocele

Answer 3

a sac protruding from the spinal cord containing the meninges

Question 4

Describe spina bifida myelocele

Answer 4

a spinal cord protrusion, no skin over this pocket

Question 5

What are the 3 main divisions of the CNS

Answer 5

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

Question 6

What is within the prosencephalon

Answer 6

Telencephalon
- cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon
- thalamus, hyppothalamus, epithalamus

Question 7

Describe spina bifida myelomeningocele

Answer 7

a sac containing both meninges and spinal cord

Question 8

What is in the mesencephalon

Answer 8

Cerebral peduncles
Midbrain tectum
Midbrain tegmentum

Question 9

What is in the rhombencephalon

Answer 9

Metencephalon
- pons, cerebellum
Myelencephalon
- medulla

Question 10

What are the important flexures in brain development

Answer 10

cephalic - between brain and brainstem
cervical - between brain and spinal cord
pontine - future cite of cerebellum

Question 11

When do the swallowing CNs differentiae

Answer 11

14 weeks

5, 7, 9, 10, 12

Question 12

When do the visual CNs differentiae

Answer 12

25 weeks

2, 3, 4, 6

Question 13

When do the hearing CNs differentiae

Answer 13

28 weeks

8

Question 14

When do the olfaction CNs differentiae

Answer 14

31-32 weeks

1

Question 15

in the first 2 years how does the brains size change

Answer 15

the brain will double in size in the first 2 years of life

Question 16

What synthesizes CSF

Answer 16

The choroid plexus

Question 17

What is the Falx Cerebri

Answer 17

separates hemispheres of he brain and helps to anchor it in the skull

Question 18

What makes up myelin in the CNS and PNF

Answer 18

CNS - oligodendracites

PNF - schwan cells

Question 19

What are excitatory and inhibitory CNS neurotransmitters

Answer 19

Excitatory - glutamate

inhibitory - GABA

Question 20

how many spinal nerves are there

Answer 20

31

Question 21

What are the cranial nerves

Answer 21

Olfactory
Ocular
Oculomotor
Trochlear
Trigeminal 
Abducens
Facial
vestibulocochlear
glossopharyngeal
Vagal
Spinal accessory
hypoglossal

Question 22

What is the sympathetic nervous system and its neurotransmitter

Answer 22

Fight or flight

Norepinephrine

Question 23

what is the parasympathetic nervous system and its neurotransmitter

Answer 23

Rest and digest

Acetylcholine

Question 24

What separates the temporal and frontal lobes

Answer 24

Sylvian fissure

Question 25

Where is the primary motor area

Answer 25

precentral gyrus

Question 26

Where is the primary sensory area

Answer 26

post central gyrus

Question 27

Where is the primary visual area

Answer 27

occipital lobes

Question 28

where is the primary auditory area

Answer 28

Heschel region

Question 29

Where do upper motor neurons cross over the the contralateral side

Answer 29

Pyramidal decussation

Question 30

What sensations do the posterior column transmit

Answer 30

Proprioception
Vibration
Sense
Fine touch

Question 31

What sensations do the anterolateral column transmit

Answer 31

Pain
Temperature
Crude touch