Unit 1 Flashcards
What are the 5 stages of embryological development
Neurulation Cell proliferation Migration and aggregation Formation of axonal and dendritic processes Synaptogenesis
Describe spina bifida occulta
Bone missing in a vertebra, maybe tuft of hair
Describe spina bifida meningocele
a sac protruding from the spinal cord containing the meninges
Describe spina bifida myelocele
a spinal cord protrusion, no skin over this pocket
What are the 3 main divisions of the CNS
Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon
What is within the prosencephalon
Telencephalon
- cerebral hemispheres
Diencephalon
- thalamus, hyppothalamus, epithalamus
Describe spina bifida myelomeningocele
a sac containing both meninges and spinal cord
What is in the mesencephalon
Cerebral peduncles
Midbrain tectum
Midbrain tegmentum
What is in the rhombencephalon
Metencephalon
- pons, cerebellum
Myelencephalon
- medulla
What are the important flexures in brain development
cephalic - between brain and brainstem
cervical - between brain and spinal cord
pontine - future cite of cerebellum
When do the swallowing CNs differentiae
14 weeks
5, 7, 9, 10, 12
When do the visual CNs differentiae
25 weeks
2, 3, 4, 6
When do the hearing CNs differentiae
28 weeks
8
When do the olfaction CNs differentiae
31-32 weeks
1
in the first 2 years how does the brains size change
the brain will double in size in the first 2 years of life
What synthesizes CSF
The choroid plexus
What is the Falx Cerebri
separates hemispheres of he brain and helps to anchor it in the skull
What makes up myelin in the CNS and PNF
CNS - oligodendracites
PNF - schwan cells
What are excitatory and inhibitory CNS neurotransmitters
Excitatory - glutamate
inhibitory - GABA
how many spinal nerves are there
31
What are the cranial nerves
Olfactory Ocular Oculomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial vestibulocochlear glossopharyngeal Vagal Spinal accessory hypoglossal
What is the sympathetic nervous system and its neurotransmitter
Fight or flight
Norepinephrine
what is the parasympathetic nervous system and its neurotransmitter
Rest and digest
Acetylcholine
What separates the temporal and frontal lobes
Sylvian fissure
Where is the primary motor area
precentral gyrus
Where is the primary sensory area
post central gyrus
Where is the primary visual area
occipital lobes
where is the primary auditory area
Heschel region
Where do upper motor neurons cross over the the contralateral side
Pyramidal decussation
What sensations do the posterior column transmit
Proprioception
Vibration
Sense
Fine touch
What sensations do the anterolateral column transmit
Pain
Temperature
Crude touch
